[Java开发之路](20)try-with-resource 异常声明
最后更新于:2022-04-01 10:00:04
Try-with-resources是java7中一个新的异常处理机制,它能够很容易地关闭在try-catch语句块中使用的资源。
在java7以前,程序中使用的资源需要被明确地关闭,过程有点繁琐,如下所示:
~~~
package com.qunar.lectures.tryResource;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by xiaosi on 16-3-4.
*/
public class TryResourceDemo {
// 获取资源数据
public static List<String> readLines(String resourcePath) {
String path = TryResourceDemo.class.getResource(resourcePath).getPath();
File file = new File(path);
if (!file.exists()) {
throw new RuntimeException("Can not find file + " + resourcePath);
}//if
if (!file.isFile()) {
throw new RuntimeException(resourcePath + " is not a regular file");
}//if
FileInputStream fis;
InputStreamReader isr;
BufferedReader br = null;
try {
fis = new FileInputStream(file);
isr = new InputStreamReader(fis, "UTF-8");
br = new BufferedReader(isr);
List<String> lines = new ArrayList<String>();
String line;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
lines.add(line);
}//while
return lines;
}
catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Read file failed , file=" + resourcePath, e);
}
finally {
if(br != null){
try {
br.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}//if
}//finally
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> lines = readLines("/a.txt");
for(String line : lines){
System.out.println("line:" + line);
}//for
}
}
~~~
假设try语句块抛出一个异常,然后finally语句块被执行。同样假设finally语句块也抛出了一个异常。那么哪个异常会根据调用栈往外传播?即使try语句块中抛出的异常与异常传播更相关,最终还是finally语句块中抛出的异常会根据调用栈向外传播。
~~~
private static void printFileJava7() throws IOException {
try(FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream("file.txt")) {
int data = input.read();
while(data != -1){
System.out.print((char) data);
data = input.read();
}
}
}
~~~
我们看到第一行:
~~~
try(FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream("file.txt")) {
~~~
这就是try-with-resource 结构的用法。FileInputStream 类型变量就在try关键字后面的括号中声明并赋值。在这声明的变量我们可以在下面的代码中直接使用,即同一个作用域中。当try语句块运行结束时,FileInputStream会被自动关闭。这是因为FileInputStream 实现了java中的java.lang.AutoCloseable接口。所有实现了这个接口的类都可以在try-with-resources结构中使用。
当try-with-resources结构中抛出一个异常,同时FileInputStreami被关闭时(调用了其close方法)也抛出一个异常,try-with-resources结构中抛出的异常会向外传播,而FileInputStreami被关闭时抛出的异常被抑制了。这与文章开始处利用旧风格代码的例子(在finally语句块中关闭资源)相反。
在JDK7中只要实现了AutoCloseable或Closeable接口的类或接口,都可以使用try-with-resource来实现异常处理和资源关闭。
你可以在块中使用多个资源而且这些资源都能被自动地关闭:
~~~
package com.qunar.lectures.tryResource;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by xiaosi on 16-3-4.
*/
public class TryResourceDemo {
// 获取资源数据
public static List<String> readLines(String resourcePath) {
String path = TryResourceDemo.class.getResource(resourcePath).getPath();
File file = new File(path);
if (!file.exists()) {
throw new RuntimeException("Can not find file + " + resourcePath);
}//if
if (!file.isFile()) {
throw new RuntimeException(resourcePath + " is not a regular file");
}//if
// try-with-resource方式 自动释放资源
try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr)){
List<String> lines = new ArrayList<String>();
String line;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
lines.add(line);
}//while
return lines;
}
catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Read file failed , file=" + resourcePath, e);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> lines = readLines("/a.txt");
for(String line : lines){
System.out.println("line:" + line);
}//for
}
}
~~~