开发环境配置
最后更新于：2022-04-02 05:45:06
[TOC]
# GIthub 上的项目
https://github.com/donnemartin/dev-setup
创建一个新的开发人员机器可以是一个特别的、手动的、耗时的过程。devsetup的目的是简化过程，使用易于理解的指令和多文件/脚本实现以下步骤的自动化：
OS X updates and Xcode Command Line Tools
OS X defaults geared towards developers
Developer tools：Vim, bash, tab completion, curl, git, GNU core utils, Python, Ruby, etc
Developer apps： iTerm2, Sublime Text, Atom, VirtualBox, Vagrant, Docker, Chrome, etc
Python data analysis： IPython Notebook, NumPy, Pandas, Scikit-Learn, Matplotlib, etc
Big Data platforms：Spark (with IPython Notebook integration) and MapReduce
Cloud services： Amazon Web Services (Boto, AWS CLI, S3cmd, etc) and Heroku
Common data stores： MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis, and Elasticsearch
Javascript web development：Node.js, JSHint, and Less
Android development： Java, Android SDK, Android Studio, IntelliJ IDEA
# Xcode 安装管理
https://github.com/KrauseFx/xcode-install
# Android 开发环境
## android-platform-tools
1. Install adb
~~~
brew install android-platform-tools
~~~
2. Start using adb
~~~
adb devices
~~~
## Android-SDK-Manager
http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html#mac-tools
参考：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31374085/installing-adb-on-macos
给二个靠谱的网址：
1. http://www.androiddevtools.cn/index.html
2. http://down.tech.sina.com.cn/page/45703.html
3. http://mac.softpedia.com/get/Developer-Tools/Google-Android-SDK.shtml
到这个面下载后，解压到某个目录。
或者通过`brew install android-sdk` 安装~，我好像安装之后，调不出 sdk manager~，在以后研究。
[如何在mac本上安装android sdk](https://www.cnblogs.com/yjmyzz/p/4219829.html)
# Node Version Manager
官网：https://github.com/creationix/nvm
## 安装 nvm
~~~
brew install nvm
~~~
然后重启终端。
### nvm command not found!
~~~
mkdir ~/.nvm
export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
. "/usr/local/opt/nvm/nvm.sh"
~~~
## 使用方法
1. 安装 指定node版本
~~~
nvm install node #默认安装最新版本。
nvm install 8.9.4 #命令后加版本号就可以进行安装，字母v可以不写
~~~
2. 查看当前使用的版本
~~~
nvm current
~~~
3. 切换指定版本，切换效果是全局的
~~~
nvm use v7.9.0
~~~
4. 查看该系统已经安装的版本，这个命令也能看到当前使用的是哪个版本
~~~
nvm ls
~~~
## 国内 npm 加速
[nrm](https://github.com/Pana/nrm) 是管理npm源切换的利器，简单方便。
~~~
npm i nrm -g #安装 nrm
nrm test #测试源的响应时间，可以作为使用哪个源的参考
nrm use cnpm # 使用 cnpm
nrm ls #查看状态
~~~
# jEnv
[jenv](https://github.com/gcuisinier/jenv#readme) 是一个专门用于配置 `JAVA_HOME` 环境变量工具（用来设置 `JAVA_HOME` 环境变量的）。你可以用它来管理 Mac 上的 Java 版本。
查看本机当前 已安装 java 版本
~~~shell
/usr/libexec/java_home -V
/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8
~~~
## 安装 jenv
~~~shell
brew install jenv
# 或者
git clone https://hub.fastgit.org/gcuisinier/jenv.git ~/.jenv
~~~
## 配置 jenv
Bash
~~~
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.jenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'eval "$(jenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
~~~
Zsh
~~~
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.jenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'eval "$(jenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc
~~~
如果已经添加但是仍没有生效的话，可以试一下重新加载bash_profile
~~~
source ~/.bash_profile
~~~
## 安装 JDK
Apple 已[发布公告](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/mac/releasenotes/General/rn-osx-10.11/index.html)，声明 Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) 将为最后一个支持 Java 6 的 OS X 发行版。
现在 OS X 都不会自带 JDK 了，所以 需要 Oracle 网站上下载。
1. 手动下载： [JAVA SDK](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/overview/index.html)
2. brew 安装 java
```shell
brew tap AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk
# 下载 Jdk8
brew install --cask homebrew/cask-versions/adoptopenjdk8
# 或者 jdk15
brew cask install adoptopenjdk15
```
**Mac 的 Java 默认会安装到 `/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/` 路径下**。
接着配置 JAVA 多版本：
> ⚠️具体 jdk 目录，可以切到 `/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/` 下查看！
~~~
# 成功添加 jdk1.8 配置到 jEnv
$ jenv add /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_162.jdk/Contents/Home/
oracle64-1.8.0.131 added
1.8.0.131 added
1.8 added
# 添加 jdk9
$ jenv add /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-9.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home
$ jenv default java 1.8
~~~
成功之后，运行 `echo $JAVA_HOME`，如果定位到了`/Users/chandlerver5/.jenv/candidates/java/current`，说明配置成功。
## 列出管理的JDK
~~~
$ jenv versions
* system (set by /Users/demo/.jenv/version)
1.7
1.7.0.45
1.8
1.8.0.131
oracle64-1.7.0.45
oracle64-1.8.0.131
~~~
看起来有点多，但其实就是1.7、1.8两个版本的别名。
## 使用Java版本
配置全局Java版本
~~~
$ jenv global 1.7
~~~
配置当前目录的 Java 版本
~~~
$ jenv local 1.8
~~~
这种方式会只改变当前所在目录的 jdk 版本，可以通过如下命令取消
~~~
$ jenv local --unset
~~~
配置 shell 实例的版本
~~~
jenv shell 1.8
~~~
这种配置方式，只会影响当前 shell 窗口。
## 配置JVM Options
~~~
$ jenv global-options "-Xmx512m"
~~~
or
~~~
$ jenv local-options "-Xmx512m"
~~~
or
~~~
$ jenv shell-options "-Xmx512m"
~~~
# 卸载JDK
~~~
sudo rm -fr ~/Library/Application\ Support/Java
sudo rm -rf /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk.jdk
sudo rm -rf /Library/PreferencePanes/JavaControlPanel.prefPane
sudo rm -fr /Library/PreferencesPanes/JavaControlPanel.prefpane
sudo rm -rf /Library/Internet\ Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin
sudo rm -rf /Library/LaunchAgents/com.oracle.java.Java-Updater.plist
sudo rm -rf /Library/PrivilegedHelperTools/com.oracle.java.JavaUpdateHelper
sudo rm -rf /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.oracle.java.Helper-Tool.plist
sudo rm -rf /Library/Preferences/com.oracle.java.Helper-Tool.plist
~~~
## 系统自带切换
[mac中不同jdk版本切换](https://www.jianshu.com/p/91bbb537fd52)
# ~~jenv (他们网站关闭了)~~
（请注意该工具不同于 jEnv, 这是用来设置 `JAVA_HOME` 环境变量的，不但支持 管理Java 多版本，还支持其他Java开发工具！）
[jenv](https://github.com/linux-china/jenv) 支持 Windows、Mac 和 Linux – 可以轻松管理大量**基于 Java 开发的工具**的多个版本，如 Maven、Gradle 或者是 Tomcat 之类。目前已经支持超过 200 个不同的工具。
安装 jenv：
~~~
$ curl -L -s get.jenv.mvnsearch.org | bash
~~~
接着配置 JAVA 多版本：
> ⚠️具体 jdk 目录，可以切到 `/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/` 下查看！
~~~
$ mkdir -p $HOME/.jenv/candidates/java
$ ln -s /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_162.jdk/Contents/Home $HOME/.jenv/candidates/java/1.8
$ ln -s /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-9.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home $HOME/.jenv/candidates/java/9.0
$ jenv default java 1.8
~~~
查看jenv 支持的多个工具：
~~~
$ jenv all
~~~
例如 查看 `java` ，运行：
~~~
$ jenv list java
~~~
如果你想 安装 其中的 java 一个版本，会提示你去官网下载！
~~~
$ jenv install java 1.8.0_77
Please visit http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/ and download dmg file.
~~~
安装其他的可以，也支持管理本地的已经安装的工具，或是github上的源。
~~~
$ jenv list maven
$ jenv install maven 3.3.9
~~~
安装成功之后，`mvn --version` 检查安装成功。
更新jenv
~~~
$ jenv selfupdate
~~~
> [使用 Jenv 让所有 Java 开发工具同时运行多个版本](https://coyee.com/article/12114-how-to-run-multiple-versions-of-all-your-dev-tools-with-jenv)
# MySql
1. 安装：搜索 mysql 版本 brew search mysql (若不更具需要选择，会默认最新版本)
~~~
$ brew install mysql
~~~
安装成功后：
~~~
==> Caveats
We've installed your MySQL database without a root password. To secure it run:
mysql_secure_installation
MySQL is configured to only allow connections from localhost by default
To connect run:
mysql -uroot
A "/etc/my.cnf" from another install may interfere with a Homebrew-built
server starting up correctly.
If you need to have this software first in your PATH run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/mysql/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
To have launchd start mysql now and restart at login:
brew services start mysql
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
mysql.server start
==> Summary
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.0.12: 255 files, 233.0MB
~~~
查看 mysql 信息：
~~~
brew info mysql
~~~
2. 创建my.cnf配置文件
mysql 在新版中去掉了默认配置文件my.cnf如果需要可以手动创建。
首先需要知道系统是按如下顺序去找my.cnf：
~~~
i. /etc/my.cnf
ii. /etc/mysql@5.7/my.cnf
iii. /usr/local/etc/my.cnf
iv. ~/.my.cnf
~~~
所以就在 `/etc`下创建 `my.cnf`
~~~
$ sudo vim /etc/my.cnf
~~~
配置文件内容如下：
~~~
# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
character-set-server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id = 1
# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
# the syntax is:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=, MASTER_PORT=,
# MASTER_USER=, MASTER_PASSWORD= ;
#
# where you replace , , by quoted strings and
# by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
# Example:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host =
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user =
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password =
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port =
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
default-character-set=utf8
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
~~~
3. 加入launchctl启动控制
~~~
$ mkdir -p ~/Library/LaunchAgents
$ ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/mysql/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
$ find /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/ -name "homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist" -exec cp {} ~/Library/LaunchAgents/ \;
$ launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist
# 取消启动
# launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist
~~~
4. 初始化 mysql
~~~
mysql_install_db
~~~
5. 需要先启动 mysql ，执行安全设置脚本,设置root账号密码
~~~
mysql_secure_installation
~~~
6. 最后测试一下登陆
~~~
$ mysql -u root -p
~~~
# Python
# nginx
# tomcat
~~~
$ brew install tomcat
~~~
安装成功后：
~~~
==> Caveats
To have launchd start tomcat now and restart at login:
brew services start tomcat
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
catalina run
==> Summary
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/tomcat/9.0.10: 626 files, 13.3MB, built in 11 seconds
~~~
检查是否安装成功：
~~~
$ catalina -h
~~~
运行tomcat：
~~~
$ catalina run
~~~
正常是可以成功的了，访问`http://localhost:8080` 看下是否出现Tomcat的网站。
webapp的根目录(CATALINA_HOME)为:`/usr/local/Cellar/tomcat/9.0.10/libexec/webapps/ROOT/`
# Tomcat
catalina 就是Tomcat服务器使用的 Apache实现的servlet容器的 名字。
Tomcat的核心分为3个部分:
（1）Web容器---处理静态页面；
（2）catalina --- 一个servlet容器-----处理servlet;
（3）还有就是JSP容器，它就是把jsp页面翻译成一般的servlet。
catalina脚本启动参数
~~~
-help ： 输出命令行选项的摘要表
-nonaming ： 在tomcat中停用JNDI
-security ： 启用catalina.policy文件
debug ： 以调试模式启动tomcat
embedded ： 在嵌入模式中测试tomcat；应用程序服务器的开发者通常使用此选项
jpda start ： jpda 的调试方式启动tomcat
run ： 启动tomcat，但不会重定向标准输出与错误
start ： 启动tomcat，并将标准输出与错误送至tomcat的日志文件
stop ： 停止tomcat
version ： 输出tomcat的版本信息
~~~
https://www.jb51.net/article/120665.htm
https://blog.csdn.net/wild46cat/article/details/52412330
# [rbenv](https://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv)
人人都需要一个 Ruby 版本管理工具。rbenv 就是这样一个轻量级工具，它可以通过 brew 安装。
安装：
~~~
brew install rbenv ruby-build
~~~
然后在`~/.zshrc`中加上rbenv插件。否则你需要手动添加`eval "$(rbenv init -)"`到`~/zshrc`或者`~/.zprofile`文件里。
有时候项目会依赖一些奇怪的版本号，比如ruby-2.1.0，这个时候你需要 [rbenv-aliases](https://github.com/tpope/rbenv-aliases) 帮忙：
~~~
brew install rbenv-aliases
~~~
替代品有 RVM、chruby。因为 RVM 不能通过 brew 安装，并且安装的时候会没有节操的修改一堆文件，所以被我早早的弃用了。chruby 也是一个轻量级工具，而且可以完美的和 Oh My Zsh 集成在一起，我看到有些生产环境在用它。
## Ruby 常用别名
几乎所有 Ruby 开发人员都会把`bi`作为bundle install的别名。
Oh My Zsh 提供builder插件，这个插件提供了一套别名，比如`bi`、`be`。同时还能让你在运行一些常用 gem 的时候直接输入`rspec`，不需要`be rspec`这样了。具体包括哪些命令请[参考这里](https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/tree/master/plugins/bundler)。
Z shell 对于`[`和`]`符号有特殊的处理，所以在运行`rake task[parameter]`的时候会报错，你需要改成`rake task\[parameter\]`或者`noglob rake task[parameter]`。
然而 Oh My Zsh 已经看穿这一切，自带的 rake 插件已经解决了这个问题：`brake task[parameter]`。
添加插件的时候注意把`rake`放到`bundler`后面，例如这样：
~~~
plugins=(git z sublime history rbenv bundler rake)
~~~
';