数据解析(三)解析JSON—–系统自带NSJSONSerialization 与 第三方JSONKit
最后更新于:2022-04-01 22:58:58
**@JSON**(JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。它基于JavaScript(Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999)的一个子集。 JSON采用完全独立于语言的文本格式,但是也使用了类似于C语言家族的习惯(包括C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python等)。这些特性使JSON成为理想的数据交换语言。易于人阅读和编写,同时也易于机器解析和生成
**@JSON 语法规则:**
1.JSON 语法是 JavaScript 对象表示语法的子集。
数据在名称/值对中
数据由逗号分隔
花括号保存对象
方括号保存数组
JSON 名称/值对
2.JSON 数据的书写格式是:名称/值对。
名称/值对包括字段名称(在双引号中),后面写一个冒号,然后是值:"firstName":"John"
3.JSON 值可以是:
数字(整数或浮点数)
字符串(在双引号中)
逻辑值(true 或 false)
数组(在方括号中)
对象(在花括号中)
null
**@JSON建构有两种结构:**
json简单说就是javascript中的对象和数组,所以这两种结构就是对象和数组两种结构,通过这两种结构可以表示各种复杂的结构
1、对象:对象在js中表示为“{}”括起来的内容,数据结构为 {key:value,key:value,...}的键值对的结构,在面向对象的语言中,key为对象的属性,value为对应的属性值,所以很容易理解,取值方法为 对象.key 获取属性值,这个属性值的类型可以是 数字、字符串、数组、对象几种。
2、数组:数组在js中是中括号“[]”括起来的内容,数据结构为 ["java","javascript","vb",...],取值方式和所有语言中一样,使用索引获取,字段值的类型可以是 数字、字符串、数组、对象几种。
经过对象、数组2种结构就可以组合成复杂的数据结构了。
**@基础示例**
---整体是个对象,对象的key是"programmers",value是一个数组,数组里面又包含3个对象
{"programmers":[
{"firstName":"Brett","lastName":"McLaughlin","email":"aaaa"},
{"firstName":"Jason","lastName":"Hunter","email":"bbbb"},
{"firstName":"Elliotte","lastName":"Harold","email":"cccc"}
],
"authors":[
{"firstName":"Isaac","lastName":"Asimov","genre":"sciencefiction"},
{"firstName":"Tad","lastName":"Williams","genre":"fantasy"},
{"firstName":"Frank","lastName":"Peretti","genre":"christianfiction"}
],
"musicians":[
{"firstName":"Eric","lastName":"Clapton","instrument":"guitar"},
{"firstName":"Sergei","lastName":"Rachmaninoff","instrument":"piano"}
]}
**@具体形式:**
1、对象是一个无序的“‘名称/值’对”集合。
(1)一个对象以“{”(左括号)开始,“}”(右括号)结束。
(2)每个“名称”后跟一个“:”(冒号);
(3)“‘名称/值’ 对”之间使用“,”(逗号)分隔。(如图所示,图中表示数据的方式是类似非确定性[自动机](http://baike.baidu.com/view/409351.htm)的形式,没学过[编译原理](http://baike.baidu.com/view/29903.htm)的人,可能理解起来困难点,实际上也是[正则表达式](http://baike.baidu.com/view/94238.htm)的形式。下同)
例子:表示人的一个对象:
{
"姓名":"大憨",
"年龄":24
}
2、数组是值(value)的有序集合。
(1)一个数组以“[”(左中括号)开始,“]”(右中括号)结束。
(2)值之间使用“,”(逗号)分隔。
例子:一组学生
{
"学生":
[
{"姓名":"小明","年龄":23},
{"姓名":"大憨","年龄":24}
]
}
说明:此Json对象包括了一个学生数组,而学生数组中的值又是两个Json对象。
3、值(value)可以是双引号括起来的字符串(string)、数值(number)、true、false、 null、对象(object)或者数组(array)。这些结构可以嵌套。
4、[字符](http://baike.baidu.com/view/263416.htm)串(string)是由双引号包围的任意数量Unicode字符的集合,使用反斜线转义。一个字符(character)即一个单独的字符串(character string)。 字符串(string)与C或者Java的字符串非常相似。
5、数值(number)也与C或者Java的数值非常相似。除去未曾使用的[八进制](http://baike.baidu.com/view/234126.htm)与十六进制格式。除去一些编码细节。
**@系统提供的JSON解析类----NSJSONSerialization**
~~~
#pragma mark - 系统提供的JSON解析类
- (void)onClickSystem{
// 加载一个本地的JSON文件路径,放到NSData对象中去
NSData * jsonData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"Person" ofType:@"txt"]];
NSError * error = nil;
// 把一个json格式的data,解析为OC中的数据对象(一般为数组或字典)
id obj = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:jsonData options:NSJSONReadingMutableContainers error:&error];
// 判断一下,id是NSMutableArray类型还是NSMutableDictionary
if ([obj isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]) {
NSMutableArray * array = obj;
NSLog(@"*************%@",array);
}else{
NSMutableDictionary * dic = obj;
NSLog(@"???????????????%@",dic);
}
// 把一个OC中的数据对象(数组或对象--在OC中类似字典)转换成JSON格式的数据
NSDictionary * dic = @{@"to": @"壮壮",@"content":@"晚上见",@"from": @"晓宇",@"data": @"2014.04.18"};
NSLog(@"DIC = %@",dic);
NSData * data = [NSJSONSerialization dataWithJSONObject:dic options:NSJSONWritingPrettyPrinted error:&error];
// 把一个json格式的data,解析为OC中的NSString类型对象
// 无特殊意义,一般用来查看JSON文本封装成 数组 还是 对象(OC中为字典)
NSString * jsonString = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"-----------------------------%@",jsonString);
}
~~~
**@第三方类----JSONKit**
~~~
#pragma mark - 第三方类JSONKit
- (void)onClickJSONKit{
#pragma mark 把JSON格式的数据转换成OC中的数据对象
// 从文档中读取json格式的Data
NSData * jsonData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"Person" ofType:@"txt"]];
// json格式的Data转化为OC对象
id obj1 = [jsonData objectFromJSONData];
NSLog(@"%@",obj1);
// 从文档中读取json格式的String
NSString * jsonString = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"Person" ofType:@"txt"] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
// json格式的String转化为OC对象
id obj2 = [jsonString objectFromJSONString];
NSLog(@"%@",obj2);
#pragma mark 把一个OC中的数据对象转换成JSON格式的数据
NSDictionary * dic = @{@"to": @"壮壮",@"content":@"晚上见",@"from": @"晓宇",@"data": @"2014.04.18"};
// 转化为json格式的Data
NSData * dataJson = [dic JSONData];
// 转化为json格式的String
NSString * stringJson = [dic JSONString];
}
~~~
@代码样例:
~~~
{
"country": {
"province": {
"-number": "3",
"-name": "河北",
"city": [
{
"-number": "9",
"-name": "张家口市",
"area": [
{
"-number": "146",
"#text": "桥西区"
},
{
"-number": "147",
"#text": "桥东区"
},
{
"-number": "148",
"#text": "宣化区"
},
{
"-number": "149",
"#text": "下花园区"
},
{
"-number": "150",
"#text": "宣化县"
},
{
"-number": "151",
"#text": "张北县"
},
{
"-number": "152",
"#text": "康保县"
},
{
"-number": "153",
"#text": "沽源县"
},
{
"-number": "154",
"#text": "尚义县"
},
{
"-number": "162",
"#text": "崇礼县"
}
]
},
{
"-number": "10",
"-name": "承德市",
"area": [
{
"-number": "163",
"#text": "双桥区"
},
{
"-number": "164",
"#text": "双滦区"
},
{
"-number": "165",
"#text": "鹰手营子矿区"
},
{
"-number": "166",
"#text": "承德县"
},
{
"-number": "167",
"#text": "兴隆县"
},
{
"-number": "168",
"#text": "平平县"
},
{
"-number": "169",
"#text": "滦平县"
}
]
},
{
"-number": "11",
"-name": "沧州市",
"area": [
{
"-number": "174",
"#text": "运河区"
},
{
"-number": "175",
"#text": "新华区"
},
{
"-number": "176",
"#text": "泊头区"
},
{
"-number": "177",
"#text": "任丘区"
},
{
"-number": "185",
"#text": "肃宁县"
},
{
"-number": "186",
"#text": "南皮县"
}
]
},
{
"-number": "12",
"-name": "廊坊市",
"area": [
{
"-number": "190",
"#text": "安次区"
},
{
"-number": "191",
"#text": "广阳区"
},
{
"-number": "192",
"#text": "霸州市"
},
{
"-number": "193",
"#text": "三河市"
},
{
"-number": "194",
"#text": "固安县"
},
{
"-number": "195",
"#text": "永清县"
}
]
},
{
"-number": "13",
"-name": "衡水市",
"area": [
{
"-number": "202",
"#text": "桃城区"
},
{
"-number": "203",
"#text": "冀州市"
},
{
"-number": "204",
"#text": "深州市"
},
{
"-number": "205",
"#text": "枣强县"
},
{
"-number": "206",
"#text": "武邑县"
}
]
}
]
}
}
}
~~~
~~~
#pragma mark - 系统类NSJSONSerialization
- (void)initializeAllDataOfNSJSONSerialization{
self.allProvinceArray = [NSMutableArray array];
NSData * jsonData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"hebei" ofType:@"txt"]];
NSError * error = nil;
id obj = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:jsonData options:NSJSONReadingMutableContainers error:&error];
NSMutableDictionary * countryDic = obj;
NSDictionary * countryInfo = [countryDic objectForKey:@"country"];
NSDictionary * provinceInfo = [countryInfo objectForKey:@"province"];
NSString * pName = [provinceInfo objectForKey:@"-name"];
NSString * pNumber = [provinceInfo objectForKey:@"-number"];
HMTProvince * province = [[HMTProvince alloc]initWithName:pName withNumber:pNumber];
[self.allProvinceArray addObject:province];
NSArray * cityArray = [provinceInfo objectForKey:@"city"];
for (int i = 0; i < [cityArray count]; i++) {
NSDictionary * cityInfo = [cityArray objectAtIndex:i];
NSString * cName = [cityInfo objectForKey:@"-name"];
NSString * cNumber = [cityInfo objectForKey:@"-number"];
HMTCity * city = [[HMTCity alloc]initWithName:cName withNumber:cNumber];
[province.cityArray addObject:city];
NSArray * areaArray = [cityInfo objectForKey:@"area"];
for (int j = 0; j < [areaArray count]; j++) {
NSString * aName = [[areaArray objectAtIndex:j] objectForKey:@"#text"];
NSString * aNumber = [[areaArray objectAtIndex:j] objectForKey:@"-number"];
HMTArea * area = [[HMTArea alloc]initWithName:aName withNumber:aNumber];
[city.areaArray addObject:area];
[area release];
}
[city release];
}
[province release];
}
#pragma mark - 系统类JSONKit
- (void)initializeAllDataOfJSONKit{
self.allProvinceArray = [NSMutableArray array];
NSData * jsonData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"hebei" ofType:@"txt"]];
id obj = [jsonData objectFromJSONData];
NSMutableDictionary * countryDic = obj;
NSDictionary * countryInfo = [countryDic objectForKey:@"country"];
NSDictionary * provinceInfo = [countryInfo objectForKey:@"province"];
NSString * pName = [provinceInfo objectForKey:@"-name"];
NSString * pNumber = [provinceInfo objectForKey:@"-number"];
HMTProvince * province = [[HMTProvince alloc]initWithName:pName withNumber:pNumber];
[self.allProvinceArray addObject:province];
NSArray * cityArray = [provinceInfo objectForKey:@"city"];
for (int i = 0; i < [cityArray count]; i++) {
NSDictionary * cityInfo = [cityArray objectAtIndex:i];
NSString * cName = [cityInfo objectForKey:@"-name"];
NSString * cNumber = [cityInfo objectForKey:@"-number"];
HMTCity * city = [[HMTCity alloc]initWithName:cName withNumber:cNumber];
[province.cityArray addObject:city];
NSArray * areaArray = [cityInfo objectForKey:@"area"];
for (int j = 0; j < [areaArray count]; j++) {
NSString * aName = [[areaArray objectAtIndex:j] objectForKey:@"#text"];
NSString * aNumber = [[areaArray objectAtIndex:j] objectForKey:@"-number"];
HMTArea * area = [[HMTArea alloc]initWithName:aName withNumber:aNumber];
[city.areaArray addObject:area];
[area release];
}
[city release];
}
[province release];
}
~~~
';