Jaxb2 转换XML文档

最后更新于:2022-04-01 14:22:23

——完成Java对象和XML相互转换 前面有介绍过json-lib这个框架,在线博文:[http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/04/21/2023805.html](http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/04/21/2023805.html) 以及Jackson这个框架,在线博文:[http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/04/22/2024628.html](http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/04/22/2024628.html) 它们都可以完成Java对象到XML的转换,但是还不是那么的完善。 还有XStream对JSON及XML的支持,它可以对JSON或XML的完美转换。在线博文: [http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/04/22/2025197.html](http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/04/22/2025197.html) 以及介绍Castor来完成Java对象到xml的相互转换。在线博文:[http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/04/25/2026819.html](http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/04/25/2026819.html) 这次介绍Jaxb2完成xml的转换,Jaxb2使用了JDK的新特性。如:Annotation、GenericType等,Jaxb2需要在即将转换的JavaBean中添加annotation注解。下面我们就来看看Jaxb2是怎么样完成Java对象到XML之间的相互转换吧。 ### 一、准备工作 1、 资源准备 a) 官方文档:[http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/javase/index-140168.html](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/javase/index-140168.html) b) Jar包下载:[http://jaxb.java.net/2.2.3/JAXB2_20101209.jar](http://jaxb.java.net/2.2.3/JAXB2_20101209.jar) 如果你有添加jdk的jar到工程中,在rt.jar中就带有jaxb2。一般情况下不用自己添加jaxb2的jar。 2、 程序前代码准备 ~~~ package com.hoo.test; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.StringReader; import java.io.StringWriter; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext; import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException; import javax.xml.bind.Marshaller; import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import com.hoo.entity.Account; import com.hoo.entity.AccountBean; import com.hoo.entity.Birthday; import com.hoo.entity.ListBean; import com.hoo.entity.MapBean; /** * function:Jaxb2 完成Java和XML的编组、解组 * @author hoojo * @createDate 2011-4-25 上午11:54:06 * @file Jaxb2Test.java * @package com.hoo.test * @project WebHttpUtils * @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo * @email hoojo_@126.com * @version 1.0 */ public class Jaxb2Test { private JAXBContext context = null; private StringWriter writer = null; private StringReader reader = null; private AccountBean bean = null; @Before public void init() { bean = new AccountBean(); bean.setAddress("北京"); bean.setEmail("email"); bean.setId(1); bean.setName("jack"); Birthday day = new Birthday(); day.setBirthday("2010-11-22"); bean.setBirthday(day); try { context = JAXBContext.newInstance(AccountBean.class); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @After public void destory() { context = null; bean = null; try { if (writer != null) { writer.flush(); writer.close(); } if (reader != null) { reader.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.gc(); } public void fail(Object o) { System.out.println(o); } public void failRed(Object o) { System.err.println(o); } } ~~~ 通过JAXBContext的newInstance方法,传递一个class就可以获得一个上下文。 newInstance方法也可以传递一个xml的文件的path。通过xml文件,对class的描述进行转换。然后,就可以通过这个上下文的来创建一个Marshaller,通过Marshaller对象的marshal方法就可以转换JavaBean对象到xml。同样JAXBContext也可以创建一个Unmarshall的unmarshal方法可以进行xml到Java对象的解组。 ### 二、对Java编组、XML解组 1、 JavaBean和XML的相互转换 代码如下: ~~~ @Test public void testBean2XML() { try { //下面代码演示将对象转变为xml Marshaller mar = context.createMarshaller(); writer = new StringWriter(); mar.marshal(bean, writer); fail(writer); //下面代码演示将上面生成的xml转换为对象 reader = new StringReader(writer.toString()); Unmarshaller unmar = context.createUnmarshaller(); bean = (AccountBean)unmar.unmarshal(reader); fail(bean); } catch (JAXBException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } ~~~ 上面的context是在init方法中创建的,它传递了一个AccountBean的class,这个AccountBean不是一般的普通的bean。除了它带有getter、setter方法外,还有Annotation注解。下面我们就看看这个bean的代码。 ~~~ package com.hoo.entity; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement; import com.sun.xml.internal.txw2.annotation.XmlElement; @XmlRootElement(name = "account") public class AccountBean { private int id; private String name; private String email; private String address; private Birthday birthday; @XmlElement public Birthday getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Birthday birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } @XmlAttribute(name = "number") public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } @XmlElement public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @XmlElement public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } @XmlElement public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } @Override public String toString() { return this.name + "#" + this.id + "#" + this.address + "#" + this.birthday + "#" + this.email; } } ~~~ 上面的XmlRootElement是设置当前对象转换成xml后的根节点,name的值是设置根节点的名称。在getter方法上设置XmlElement表示这个方法对应的属性是一个xml元素,如果这个注解还设置了name,那么这个name就是转换后xml的名称。在一个属性上设置XmlAttribute,表示这个方法对应的属性在转换xml后是父元素的一个属性。XmlAttribute的name就是转换后xml的属性的name。 运行后,结果如下: ~~~ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>"1"> 北京 2010-11-22emailjack jack#1#北京#2010-11-22#email ~~~ 把转换后的xml和上面的AccountBean对应看看 2、 对List类型对象,进行编组、解组 ~~~ @Test public void testList2XML() { ListBean listBean = new ListBean(); listBean.setName("list to xml"); List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>(); list.add(bean); bean = new AccountBean(); bean.setAddress("china"); bean.setEmail("tom@125.com"); bean.setId(2); bean.setName("tom"); Birthday day = new Birthday("2010-11-22"); bean.setBirthday(day); Account acc = new Account(); acc.setAddress("china"); acc.setEmail("tom@125.com"); acc.setId(2); acc.setName("tom"); day = new Birthday("2010-11-22"); acc.setBirthday(day); list.add(bean); list.add(acc); listBean.setList(list); try { context = JAXBContext.newInstance(ListBean.class); //下面代码演示将对象转变为xml Marshaller mar = context.createMarshaller(); writer = new StringWriter(); mar.marshal(listBean, writer); fail(writer); //下面代码演示将上面生成的xml转换为对象 reader = new StringReader(writer.toString()); Unmarshaller unmar = context.createUnmarshaller(); listBean = (ListBean)unmar.unmarshal(reader); fail(listBean.getList().get(0)); fail(listBean.getList().get(1)); fail(listBean.getList().get(2)); } catch (JAXBException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } ~~~ 你不能直接new 一个List,然后将对象放到List中。进行编组、解组,这样会出现异常情况的。你需要构建一个JavaBean,在bean中创建一个List的属性。然后在这个属性的getter方法上进行Annotation注解。下面我们看看ListBean的代码: ~~~ package com.hoo.entity; import java.util.List; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElements; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @XmlRootElement(name = "list-bean") public class ListBean { private String name; private List list; @XmlElements({ @XmlElement(name = "account", type = Account.class), @XmlElement(name = "bean", type = AccountBean.class) }) public List getList() { return list; } public void setList(List list) { this.list = list; } @XmlAttribute public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } } ~~~ XmlElements表示是一个集合类型,然后注解在集合中存放上面类型的对象。 XmlElement表示在集合中存放的一个对象类型和元素名称。 转换后结果如下: ~~~ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> <list-bean name="list to xml"> <bean number="1"><address>北京</address><birthday><birthday>2010-11-22</birthday></birthday> <email>email</email><name>jack</name></bean> <bean number="2"><address>china</address><birthday><birthday>2010-11-22</birthday></birthday> <email>tom@125.com</email><name>tom</name></bean> <account><address>china</address><birthday><birthday>2010-11-22</birthday></birthday> <email>tom@125.com</email><id>2</id><name>tom</name></account> </list-bean> jack#1#北京#2010-11-22#email tom#2#china#2010-11-22#tom@125.com 2#tom#tom@125.com#china#2010-11-22 ~~~ 转换后的XML和Bean的注解的描述是一样的吧。 2、 对Map集合进行解组、编组 ~~~ /** * <b>function:</b>Map需要自己实现,可以构造一个简单的Map对象实现 * http://metro.1045641.n5.nabble.com/Does-JAXB-2-0-support-Map-td1058084.html * @author hoojo * @createDate 2010-12-1 上午10:23:26 */ @Test public void testMap2XML() { MapBean mapBean = new MapBean(); HashMap<String, AccountBean> map = new HashMap<String, AccountBean>(); map.put("NO1", bean); bean = new AccountBean(); bean.setAddress("china"); bean.setEmail("tom@125.com"); bean.setId(2); bean.setName("tom"); Birthday day = new Birthday("2010-11-22"); bean.setBirthday(day); map.put("NO2", bean); mapBean.setMap(map); try { context = JAXBContext.newInstance(MapBean.class); //下面代码演示将对象转变为xml Marshaller mar = context.createMarshaller(); writer = new StringWriter(); mar.marshal(mapBean, writer); fail(writer); //下面代码演示将上面生成的xml转换为对象 reader = new StringReader(writer.toString()); Unmarshaller unmar = context.createUnmarshaller(); mapBean = (MapBean)unmar.unmarshal(reader); fail(mapBean.getMap()); } catch (JAXBException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } ~~~ 下面看看MapBean的代码 ~~~ package com.hoo.entity; import java.util.HashMap; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlJavaTypeAdapter; import com.hoo.util.MapAdapter; @XmlRootElement public class MapBean { private HashMap<String, AccountBean> map; @XmlJavaTypeAdapter(MapAdapter.class) public HashMap<String, AccountBean> getMap() { return map; } public void setMap(HashMap<String, AccountBean> map) { this.map = map; } } ~~~ 上面的map集合的getter方法有一个XmlJavaTypeAdapter,需要传递一个Adapter的类型。 下面看看MyAdapter的代码 ~~~ package com.hoo.util; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter; import com.hoo.entity.AccountBean; /** * <b>function:</b>AccountBean 编组、解组的XmlAdapter * @author hoojo * @createDate 2011-4-25 下午05:03:18 * @file MyAdetper.java * @package com.hoo.util * @project WebHttpUtils * @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo * @email hoojo_@126.com * @version 1.0 */ public class MapAdapter extends XmlAdapter<MapElements[], Map<String, AccountBean>> { public MapElements[] marshal(Map<String, AccountBean> arg0) throws Exception { MapElements[] mapElements = new MapElements[arg0.size()]; int i = 0; for (Map.Entry<String, AccountBean> entry : arg0.entrySet()) mapElements[i++] = new MapElements(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); return mapElements; } public Map<String, AccountBean> unmarshal(MapElements[] arg0) throws Exception { Map<String, AccountBean> r = new HashMap<String, AccountBean>(); for (MapElements mapelement : arg0) r.put(mapelement.key, mapelement.value); return r; } } ~~~ MapElements ~~~ package com.hoo.util; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement; import com.hoo.entity.AccountBean; /** * <b>function:</b> MapElements * @author hoojo * @createDate 2011-4-25 下午05:04:04 * @file MyElements.java * @package com.hoo.util * @project WebHttpUtils * @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo * @email hoojo_@126.com * @version 1.0 */ public class MapElements { @XmlElement public String key; @XmlElement public AccountBean value; @SuppressWarnings("unused") private MapElements() { } // Required by JAXB public MapElements(String key, AccountBean value) { this.key = key; this.value = value; } } ~~~ 运行结果如下: ~~~ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?><mapBean><map><item><key>NO2</key><value number="2"><address>china</address> <birthday><birthday>2010-11-22</birthday></birthday><email>tom@125.com</email><name>tom</name></value></item> <item><key>NO1</key><value number="1"><address>北京</address><birthday><birthday>2010-11-22</birthday></birthday> <email>email</email><name>jack</name></value></item></map></mapBean> {NO2=tom#2#china#2010-11-22#tom@125.com, NO1=jack#1#北京#2010-11-22#email} ~~~
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