【5】 – Topic
最后更新于:2022-04-01 15:58:51
RabbitMQ入门教程 For Java【5】 - Topic
### **我的开发环境:**
操作系统:**Windows7 64bit**
开发环境:**JDK 1.7 - 1.7.0_55**
开发工具:**Eclipse Kepler SR2**
RabbitMQ版本: **3.6.0**
Elang版本:**erl7.2.1**
关于Windows7下安装RabbitMQ的教程请先在网上找一下,有空我再补安装教程。
### 源码地址
https://github.com/chwshuang/rabbitmq.git
# Topic模式
匹配模式,如果按照百度翻译和百度百科,直接叫主题或者话题就得了,但是如果你真的明白它在RabbitMQ中代表什么,就不能这么直接的翻译成中文了。如果要用中文理解它的意思,先了解它在RabbitMQ中用来做什么:topic类型的交换器允许在RabbitMQ中使用模糊匹配来绑定自己感兴趣的信息。
所以,我觉得这一章应该叫macth模式更合适,中文 - 匹配模式。
在上一章,通过直连交换器,生产者发送不同路由关键字的日志,消费者端通过绑定自己感兴趣的路由关键字来接收消息,进行完善日志系统。如果我想只接收生产者com.test.rabbitmq.topic包下的日志,其他包的忽略掉,之前的日志系统处理起来可能就非常麻烦,还好,我们有匹配模式,现在我们将生产者发送过来的消息按照包名来命名,那么消费者端就可以在匹配模式下使用【#.topic.*】这个路由关键字来获得感兴趣的消息。
### 匹配交换器
通过匹配交换器,我们可以配置更灵活的消息系统,你可以在匹配交换器模式下发送这样的路由关键字:
“a.b.c”、“c.d”、“quick.orange.rabbit”
不过一定要记住,路由关键字【routingKey】不能超过255个字节(bytes)
匹配交换器的匹配符
- *(星号)表示一个单词
- #(井号)表示零个或者多个单词
### **示例说明:**
这一章的例子中,我们使用三个段式的路由关键字,有三个单词和两个点组成。第一个词是速度,第二个词是颜色,第三个是动物名称。
我们用三个关键字来绑定,Q1绑定关键字是【*.orange.*】,Q2绑定关键字是【*.*.rabbit】和【lazy.#】,然后分析会发生什么:
![](https://docs.gechiui.com/gc-content/uploads/sites/kancloud/2016-03-01_56d507d8297a5.jpg)
- Q1会收到所有orange这种颜色相关的消息
- Q2会收到所有rabbit这个动物相关的消息和所有速度lazy的动物的消息
### **分析:**
生产者发送“quick.orange.rabbit”的消息,两个队列都会收到
生产者发送“lazy.orange.elephant”,两队列也都会收到。
生产者发送"quick.orange.fox",那么只有Q1会收到。
生产者发送"lazy.brown.fox",那么只会有Q2能收到。
生产者发送"quick.brown.fox",那么这条消息会被丢弃,谁也收不到。
生产者发送"quick.orange.male.rabbit",这个消息也会被丢弃,谁也收不到。
生产者发送"lazy.orange.male.rabbit",这个消息会被Q2的【lazy.#】规则匹配上,发送到Q2队列中。
### 注意
交换器在匹配模式下:
如果消费者端的路由关键字只使用【#】来匹配消息,在匹配【topic】模式下,它会变成一个分发【fanout】模式,接收所有消息。
如果消费者端的路由关键字中没有【#】或者【*】,它就变成直连【direct】模式来工作。
### 测试代码
### 包图
![](https://docs.gechiui.com/gc-content/uploads/sites/kancloud/2016-03-01_56d507d793b2e.jpg)
### 代码
ReceiveLogsTopic1.java
~~~
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ReceiveLogsTopic1 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明一个匹配模式的交换器
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 路由关键字
String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"*.orange.*"};
// 绑定路由关键字
for (String bindingKey : routingKeys) {
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, bindingKey);
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + bindingKey);
}
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 [x] Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
~~~
ReceiveLogsTopic2.java
~~~
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ReceiveLogsTopic2 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明一个匹配模式的交换器
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 路由关键字
String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"*.*.rabbit", "lazy.#"};
// 绑定路由关键字
for (String bindingKey : routingKeys) {
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, bindingKey);
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + bindingKey);
}
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 [x] Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
~~~
TopicSend.java
~~~
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
public class TopicSend {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) {
Connection connection = null;
Channel channel = null;
try {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
connection = factory.newConnection();
channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明一个匹配模式的交换器
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
// 待发送的消息
String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"quick.orange.rabbit",
"lazy.orange.elephant",
"quick.orange.fox",
"lazy.brown.fox",
"quick.brown.fox",
"quick.orange.male.rabbit",
"lazy.orange.male.rabbit"};
// 发送消息
for(String severity :routingKeys){
String message = "From "+severity+" routingKey' s message!";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, severity, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("TopicSend [x] Sent '" + severity + "':'" + message + "'");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (connection != null) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (Exception ignore) {
}
}
}
}
}
~~~
先运行ReceiveLogsTopic1.java
~~~
ReceiveLogsTopic1 [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C
~~~
再运行ReceiveLogsTopic2
~~~
ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:topic_logs, queue:amq.gen-JwqUJNUGpdFGkeY5B6TsLw, BindRoutingKey:*.*.rabbit
ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:topic_logs, queue:amq.gen-JwqUJNUGpdFGkeY5B6TsLw, BindRoutingKey:lazy.#
ReceiveLogsTopic2 [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C
~~~
然后运行TopicSend.java发送7条消息
~~~
TopicSend [x] Sent 'quick.orange.rabbit':'From quick.orange.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend [x] Sent 'lazy.orange.elephant':'From lazy.orange.elephant routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend [x] Sent 'quick.orange.fox':'From quick.orange.fox routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend [x] Sent 'lazy.brown.fox':'From lazy.brown.fox routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend [x] Sent 'quick.brown.fox':'From quick.brown.fox routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend [x] Sent 'quick.orange.male.rabbit':'From quick.orange.male.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend [x] Sent 'lazy.orange.male.rabbit':'From lazy.orange.male.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
~~~
再看ReceiveLogsTopic1.java,收到3条匹配的消息。
~~~
ReceiveLogsTopic1 [x] Received 'quick.orange.rabbit':'From quick.orange.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic1 [x] Received 'lazy.orange.elephant':'From lazy.orange.elephant routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic1 [x] Received 'quick.orange.fox':'From quick.orange.fox routingKey' s message!'
~~~
再看ReceiveLogsTopic2.java,收到4条匹配的消息。
~~~
ReceiveLogsTopic2 [x] Received 'quick.orange.rabbit':'From quick.orange.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic2 [x] Received 'lazy.orange.elephant':'From lazy.orange.elephant routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic2 [x] Received 'lazy.brown.fox':'From lazy.brown.fox routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic2 [x] Received 'lazy.orange.male.rabbit':'From lazy.orange.male.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
~~~
最后,咱们来开动脑筋看看下面的题,当是我留的课外作业:
1. 在匹配交互器模式下,消费者端路由关键字 “*” 能接收到生产者端发来路由关键字为空的消息吗?
1. 在匹配交换器模式下,消费者端路由关键字“#.*”能接收到生产者端以“..”为关键字的消息吗?如果发送来的消息只有一个单词,能匹配上吗?
1. “a.*.#” 与 “a.#” 有什么不同吗?
如果你的课外作业做完,并且自己动手验证过,OK,进入第六章-远程方法调用吧!
本教程所有文章:
[RabbitMQ入门教程 For Java【1】 - Hello World](http://blog.csdn.net/chwshuang/article/details/50521708) - 你好世界!
[RabbitMQ入门教程 For Java【2】 - Work Queues](http://blog.csdn.net/chwshuang/article/details/50506284) - 工作队列
[RabbitMQ入门教程 For Java【3】 - Publish/Subscribe](http://blog.csdn.net/chwshuang/article/details/50512057) - 发布/订阅
[RabbitMQ入门教程 For Java【4】 - Routing](http://blog.csdn.net/chwshuang/article/details/50505060) - 消息路由
[RabbitMQ入门教程 For Java【5】 - Topic](http://blog.csdn.net/chwshuang/article/details/50516904) - 模糊匹配
[RabbitMQ入门教程 For Java【6】 - Remote procedure call (RPC)](http://blog.csdn.net/chwshuang/article/details/50518570) - 远程调用
### 提示
由于本教程中rabbitmq是在本机安装,使用的是默认端口(5672)。
如果你的例子运行中的主机、端口不同,请进行必要设置,否则可能无法运行。
### 获得帮助
如果你阅读这个教程有障碍,可以通过GitHub项目成员找到开发者的邮件地址联系他们。
~~~
https://github.com/orgs/rabbitmq/people
~~~