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# 附录 F. 参考书目 [Astels2003] *Test Driven Development*. DavidAstels. Copyright © 2003. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0131016490. [Beck2002] *Test Driven Development by Example*. KentBeck. Copyright © 2002. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-321-14653-0. [Meszaros2007] *xUnit Test Patterns: Refactoring Test Code*. GerardMeszaros. Copyright © 2007. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0131495050.

# 附录 E. 索引 # Index ### Symbols $backupGlobalsBlacklist, [全局状态](#)$backupStaticAttributesBlacklist, [全局状态](#)@author, [命令行选项](#), [@author](#)@backupGlobals, [全局状态](#), [@backupGlobals](#)@backupStaticAttributes, [全局状态](#), [@backupStaticAttributes](#)@codeCoverageIgnore, [略过代码块](#), [@codeCoverageIgnore*](#)@codeCoverageIgnoreEnd, [略过代码块](#), [@codeCoverageIgnore*](#)@codeCoverageIgnoreStart, [略过代码块](#), [@codeCoverageIgnore*](#)@covers, [指明要覆盖的方法](#), [@covers](#)@coversDefaultClass, [@coversDefaultClass](#)@coversNothing, [指明要覆盖的方法](#), [@coversNothing](#)@dataProvider, [数据供给器](#), [@dataProvider](#)@depends, [测试的依赖关系](#), [数据供给器](#), [@depends](#)@expectedException, [对异常进行测试](#), [@expectedException](#)@expectedExceptionCode, [对异常进行测试](#), [@expectedExceptionCode](#)@expectedExceptionMessage, [对异常进行测试](#), [@expectedExceptionMessage](#)@expectedExceptionMessageRegExp, [对异常进行测试](#), [@expectedExceptionMessageRegExp](#)@group, [命令行选项](#), [@group](#)@large, [@large](#)@medium, [@medium](#)@preserveGlobalState, [@preserveGlobalState](#)@requires, [@requires](#)@runInSeparateProcess, [@runInSeparateProcess](#)@runTestsInSeparateProcesses, [@runTestsInSeparateProcesses](#)@small, [@small](#)@test, [编写 PHPUnit 测试](#), [@test](#)@testdox, [@testdox](#)@ticket, [@ticket](#)@uses, [@uses](#)变更风险反模式(CRAP)指数(Change Risk Anti-Patterns (CRAP) Index), [用于代码覆盖率的软件衡量标准](#)敏捷文档, [命令行选项](#), [敏捷文档](#)测试的依赖关系, [测试的依赖关系](#) ### A Annotation （标注）, [编写 PHPUnit 测试](#), [测试的依赖关系](#), [数据供给器](#), [对异常进行测试](#), [命令行选项](#), [略过代码块](#), [指明要覆盖的方法](#), [标注](#)anything(), [assertThat()](#)arrayHasKey(), [assertThat()](#)assertArrayHasKey(), [assertArrayHasKey()](#)assertArrayNotHasKey(), [assertArrayHasKey()](#)assertArraySubset(), [assertArraySubset()](#)assertAttributeContains(), [assertContains()](#)assertAttributeContainsOnly(), [assertContainsOnly()](#)assertAttributeEmpty(), [assertEmpty()](#)assertAttributeEquals(), [assertEquals()](#)assertAttributeGreaterThan(), [assertGreaterThan()](#)assertAttributeGreaterThanOrEqual(), [assertGreaterThanOrEqual()](#)assertAttributeInstanceOf(), [assertInstanceOf()](#)assertAttributeInternalType(), [assertInternalType()](#)assertAttributeLessThan(), [assertLessThan()](#)assertAttributeLessThanOrEqual(), [assertLessThanOrEqual()](#)assertAttributeNotContains(), [assertContains()](#)assertAttributeNotContainsOnly(), [assertContainsOnly()](#)assertAttributeNotEmpty(), [assertEmpty()](#)assertAttributeNotEquals(), [assertEquals()](#)assertAttributeNotInstanceOf(), [assertInstanceOf()](#)assertAttributeNotInternalType(), [assertInternalType()](#)assertAttributeNotSame(), [assertSame()](#)assertAttributeSame(), [assertSame()](#)assertClassHasAttribute(), [assertClassHasAttribute()](#)assertClassHasStaticAttribute(), [assertClassHasStaticAttribute()](#)assertClassNotHasAttribute(), [assertClassHasAttribute()](#)assertClassNotHasStaticAttribute(), [assertClassHasStaticAttribute()](#)assertContains(), [assertContains()](#)assertContainsOnly(), [assertContainsOnly()](#)assertContainsOnlyInstancesOf(), [assertContainsOnlyInstancesOf()](#)assertCount(), [assertCount()](#)assertEmpty(), [assertEmpty()](#)assertEquals(), [assertEquals()](#)assertEqualXMLStructure(), [assertEqualXMLStructure()](#)assertFalse(), [assertFalse()](#)assertFileEquals(), [assertFileEquals()](#)assertFileExists(), [assertFileExists()](#)assertFileNotEquals(), [assertFileEquals()](#)assertFileNotExists(), [assertFileExists()](#)assertFinite(), [assertInfinite()](#)assertGreaterThan(), [assertGreaterThan()](#)assertGreaterThanOrEqual(), [assertGreaterThanOrEqual()](#)assertInfinite(), [assertInfinite()](#)assertInstanceOf(), [assertInstanceOf()](#)assertInternalType(), [assertInternalType()](#)assertJsonFileEqualsJsonFile(), [assertJsonFileEqualsJsonFile()](#)assertJsonFileNotEqualsJsonFile(), [assertJsonFileEqualsJsonFile()](#)assertJsonStringEqualsJsonFile(), [assertJsonStringEqualsJsonFile()](#)assertJsonStringEqualsJsonString(), [assertJsonStringEqualsJsonString()](#)assertJsonStringNotEqualsJsonFile(), [assertJsonStringEqualsJsonFile()](#)assertJsonStringNotEqualsJsonString(), [assertJsonStringEqualsJsonString()](#)assertLessThan(), [assertLessThan()](#)assertLessThanOrEqual(), [assertLessThanOrEqual()](#)assertNan(), [assertNan()](#)assertNotContains(), [assertContains()](#)assertNotContainsOnly(), [assertContainsOnly()](#)assertNotCount(), [assertCount()](#)assertNotEmpty(), [assertEmpty()](#)assertNotEquals(), [assertEquals()](#)assertNotInstanceOf(), [assertInstanceOf()](#)assertNotInternalType(), [assertInternalType()](#)assertNotNull(), [assertNull()](#)assertNotRegExp(), [assertRegExp()](#)assertNotSame(), [assertSame()](#)assertNull(), [assertNull()](#)assertObjectHasAttribute(), [assertObjectHasAttribute()](#)assertObjectNotHasAttribute(), [assertObjectHasAttribute()](#)assertPostConditions(), [基境(fixture)](#)assertPreConditions(), [基境(fixture)](#)assertRegExp(), [assertRegExp()](#)assertSame(), [assertSame()](#)assertStringEndsNotWith(), [assertStringEndsWith()](#)assertStringEndsWith(), [assertStringEndsWith()](#)assertStringEqualsFile(), [assertStringEqualsFile()](#)assertStringMatchesFormat(), [assertStringMatchesFormat()](#)assertStringMatchesFormatFile(), [assertStringMatchesFormatFile()](#)assertStringNotEqualsFile(), [assertStringEqualsFile()](#)assertStringNotMatchesFormat(), [assertStringMatchesFormat()](#)assertStringNotMatchesFormatFile(), [assertStringMatchesFormatFile()](#)assertStringStartsNotWith(), [assertStringStartsWith()](#)assertStringStartsWith(), [assertStringStartsWith()](#)assertThat(), [assertThat()](#)assertTrue(), [assertTrue()](#)assertXmlFileEqualsXmlFile(), [assertXmlFileEqualsXmlFile()](#)assertXmlFileNotEqualsXmlFile(), [assertXmlFileEqualsXmlFile()](#)assertXmlStringEqualsXmlFile(), [assertXmlStringEqualsXmlFile()](#)assertXmlStringEqualsXmlString(), [assertXmlStringEqualsXmlString()](#)assertXmlStringNotEqualsXmlFile(), [assertXmlStringEqualsXmlFile()](#)assertXmlStringNotEqualsXmlString(), [assertXmlStringEqualsXmlString()](#)attribute(), [assertThat()](#)attributeEqualTo(), [assertThat()](#)Automated Documentation （自动文档）, [敏捷文档](#) ### B Blacklist （黑名单）, [为代码覆盖率包含或排除文件](#) ### C classHasAttribute(), [assertThat()](#)classHasStaticAttribute(), [assertThat()](#)Code Coverage （代码覆盖率）, [命令行选项](#), [代码覆盖率分析](#), [@covers](#), [为代码覆盖率包含或排除文件](#)Blacklist （黑名单）, [包含与排除文件](#)Branch Coverage （分支覆盖率）, [用于代码覆盖率的软件衡量标准](#)Class and Trait Coverage （类与特质覆盖率）, [用于代码覆盖率的软件衡量标准](#)Function and Method Coverage （函数与方法覆盖率）, [用于代码覆盖率的软件衡量标准](#)Line Coverage （行覆盖率）, [用于代码覆盖率的软件衡量标准](#)Opcode Coverage （Opcode 覆盖率）, [用于代码覆盖率的软件衡量标准](#)Path Coverage （路径覆盖率）, [用于代码覆盖率的软件衡量标准](#)Whitelist （白名单）, [包含与排除文件](#)Configuration （配置）, [命令行选项](#)Constant （常量）, [设定 PHP INI 设置、常量、全局变量](#)contains(), [assertThat()](#)containsOnly(), [assertThat()](#)containsOnlyInstancesOf(), [assertThat()](#) ### D Data-Driven Tests （数据驱动测试）, [实现 PHPUnit_Framework_Test](#)Defect Localization （缺陷定位）, [测试的依赖关系](#)Depended-On Component （依赖组件）, [测试替身](#)Documenting Assumptions （将假设文档化）, [敏捷文档](#) ### E equalTo(), [assertThat()](#)Error Handler （错误处理）, [对 PHP 错误进行测试](#)Error （错误）, [命令行测试执行器](#)Extreme Programming （极限编程）, [敏捷文档](#) ### F Failure （失败）, [命令行测试执行器](#)fileExists(), [assertThat()](#)Fixture （基境）, [基境(fixture)](#)Fluent Interface （流畅式接口）, [Stubs （桩件）](#) ### G getMock(), [Stubs （桩件）](#)getMockBuilder(), [Stubs （桩件）](#)getMockForAbstractClass(), [对特质(Trait)与抽象类进行模仿](#)getMockForTrait(), [对特质(Trait)与抽象类进行模仿](#)getMockFromWsdl(), [对 Web 服务(Web Services)进行上桩或模仿](#)Global Variable （全局变量）, [全局状态](#), [设定 PHP INI 设置、常量、全局变量](#)greaterThan(), [assertThat()](#)greaterThanOrEqual(), [assertThat()](#) ### H hasAttribute(), [assertThat()](#) ### I identicalTo(), [assertThat()](#)include_path, [命令行选项](#)Incomplete Test （未完成的测试）, [未完成的测试](#)isFalse(), [assertThat()](#)isInstanceOf(), [assertThat()](#)isNull(), [assertThat()](#)isTrue(), [assertThat()](#)isType(), [assertThat()](#) ### J JSON, [命令行选项](#) ### L lessThan(), [assertThat()](#)lessThanOrEqual(), [assertThat()](#)Logfile （日志文件）, [命令行选项](#)Logging （日志记录）, [Logging （日志记录）](#), [Logging （日志记录）](#)logicalAnd(), [assertThat()](#)logicalNot(), [assertThat()](#)logicalOr(), [assertThat()](#)logicalXor(), [assertThat()](#) ### M matchesRegularExpression(), [assertThat()](#)method(), [Stubs （桩件）](#)Mock Object （仿件对象）, [仿件对象(Mock Object)](#) ### O onConsecutiveCalls(), [Stubs （桩件）](#)onNotSuccessfulTest(), [基境(fixture)](#) ### P PHP Error （PHP 错误）, [对 PHP 错误进行测试](#)PHP Notice （PHP 通知）, [对 PHP 错误进行测试](#)PHP Warning （PHP 警告）, [对 PHP 错误进行测试](#)php.ini, [设定 PHP INI 设置、常量、全局变量](#)PHPUnit_Extensions_RepeatedTest, [从 PHPUnit_Extensions_TestDecorator 派生子类](#)PHPUnit_Extensions_TestDecorator, [从 PHPUnit_Extensions_TestDecorator 派生子类](#)PHPUnit_Framework_BaseTestListener, [实现 PHPUnit_Framework_TestListener](#)PHPUnit_Framework_Error, [对 PHP 错误进行测试](#)PHPUnit_Framework_Error_Notice, [对 PHP 错误进行测试](#)PHPUnit_Framework_Error_Warning, [对 PHP 错误进行测试](#)PHPUnit_Framework_IncompleteTest, [未完成的测试](#)PHPUnit_Framework_IncompleteTestError, [未完成的测试](#)PHPUnit_Framework_Test, [实现 PHPUnit_Framework_Test](#)PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase, [编写 PHPUnit 测试](#), [从 PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase 派生子类](#)PHPUnit_Framework_TestListener, [命令行选项](#), [实现 PHPUnit_Framework_TestListener](#), [测试监听器](#)PHPUnit_Runner_TestSuiteLoader, [命令行选项](#)PHPUnit_Util_Printer, [命令行选项](#)PHP_Invoker, [@large](#), [@medium](#), [@small](#)Process Isolation （进程隔离）, [命令行选项](#) ### R Refactoring （重构）, [在开发过程中](#)Report （报告）, [命令行选项](#)returnArgument(), [Stubs （桩件）](#)returnCallback(), [Stubs （桩件）](#)returnSelf(), [Stubs （桩件）](#)returnValueMap(), [Stubs （桩件）](#) ### S Selenium RC, [为 Selenium RC 配置浏览器](#)setUp(), [基境(fixture)](#)setUpBeforeClass, [基境共享](#)setUpBeforeClass(), [基境(fixture)](#)stringContains(), [assertThat()](#)stringEndsWith(), [assertThat()](#)stringStartsWith(), [assertThat()](#)Stub （桩件）, [Stubs （桩件）](#)Stubs （桩件）, [跨团队测试](#)System Under Test （被测系统）, [测试替身](#) ### T tearDown(), [基境(fixture)](#)tearDownAfterClass, [基境共享](#)tearDownAfterClass(), [基境(fixture)](#)Template Method （模板方法）, [基境(fixture)](#)Test Double （测试替身）, [测试替身](#)Test Groups （测试分组）, [命令行选项](#), [分组](#)Test Isolation （测试隔离）, [命令行选项](#), [全局状态](#)Test Listener （测试监听器）, [测试监听器](#)Test Suite （测试套件）, [组织测试](#), [测试套件](#)TestDox, [敏捷文档](#), [@testdox](#)throwException(), [Stubs （桩件）](#)timeoutForLargeTests, [@large](#)timeoutForMediumTests, [@medium](#)timeoutForSmallTests, [@small](#) ### W Whitelist （白名单）, [为代码覆盖率包含或排除文件](#)will(), [Stubs （桩件）](#)willReturn(), [Stubs （桩件）](#) ### X Xdebug, [代码覆盖率分析](#)XML Configuration （XML 配置）, [用 XML 配置来编排测试套件](#)

# 附录 D. 升级 # 从 PHPUnit 3.7 升级到 PHPUnit 4.0 - 在 PHPUnit 3.5 中引入的[对静态方法进行上桩或模拟](http://sebastian-bergmann.de/blog/883-Stubbing-and-Mocking-Static-Methods.html)的有限支持已移除。此功能仅当被上桩或模拟的静态方法是从同一个类其他方法中调用时才能正常工作。我们认为，没有理由为了这个功能的这点有限的用途而在测试替身代码生成器中增加那么多代码复杂度。对这个移除动作我们表示很抱歉，有可能需要重构测试代码以使得不需要此功能来对其进行测试。 - `addRiskyTest()` 方法已添加到 `PHPUnit_Framework_TestListener` 接口。所有实现了本方法的类必须实现此新方法。这正式 PHPStorm 7 与 PHPUnit 4 不兼容的原因。 - 为了修复 [#552](https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/issues/552)、[#573](https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/issues/573) 和 [#582](https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/issues/582)，必须更改 PHPUnit 的 XML 配置文件中对相对路径的解析方式。现在，某个配置文件中所有相对路径都是相对于此配置文件所在路径进行解析的。在升级后，可能需要更新以下配置指令中的相对路径：`testSuiteLoaderFile`、`printerFile`、`testsuites/file` 和 `testsuites/exclude`。 - [提供两个字符串（给assertEquals()）时不再调用数值比较](https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/commit/f5df97cda0b25f2b7368395344da095ac529de62)。 请注意，从 PHPUnit 4.0.0 开始，PHPUnit 的 PEAR 包只作为分发 PHP 档案包(PHAR)的一种机制，PHPUnit 的许多依赖项不再单独通过 PEAR 发布。最终，我们将完全停止在 PEAR 发布 PHPUnit。 请注意，如果用 PEAR 安装器来从 PHPUnit 3.7 升级到 PHPUnit 4.0，将导致在 PHP 环境变量所指定的 PEAR 目录中遗留一些 PHPUnit 依赖项（PHP_CodeCoverage、 PHPUnit_MockObject、……）老版本的陈旧源文件。建议卸载对应的 PEAR 包。

# 为 Selenium RC 配置浏览器 `<selenium>` 元素及其 `<browser>` 子元素用于配置 Selenium RC 服务器列表。 ~~~ <selenium> <browser name="Firefox on Linux" browser="*firefox /usr/lib/firefox/firefox-bin" host="my.linux.box" port="4444" timeout="30000"/> </selenium> ~~~ 以上 XML 配置对应于如下 PHP 代码： ~~~ class WebTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { public static $browsers = array( array( 'name' => 'Firefox on Linux', 'browser' => '*firefox /usr/lib/firefox/firefox-bin', 'host' => 'my.linux.box', 'port' => 4444, 'timeout' => 30000 ) ); // ... } ~~~

# 设定 PHP INI 设置、常量、全局变量 `<php>` 元素及其子元素用于配置 PHP 设置、常量以及全局变量。同时也可用于向 `include_path` 前部置入内容。 ~~~ <php> <includePath>.</includePath> <ini name="foo" value="bar"/> <const name="foo" value="bar"/> <var name="foo" value="bar"/> <env name="foo" value="bar"/> <post name="foo" value="bar"/> <get name="foo" value="bar"/> <cookie name="foo" value="bar"/> <server name="foo" value="bar"/> <files name="foo" value="bar"/> <request name="foo" value="bar"/> </php> ~~~ 以上 XML 配置对应于如下 PHP 代码： ~~~ ini_set('foo', 'bar'); define('foo', 'bar'); $GLOBALS['foo'] = 'bar'; $_ENV['foo'] = 'bar'; $_POST['foo'] = 'bar'; $_GET['foo'] = 'bar'; $_COOKIE['foo'] = 'bar'; $_SERVER['foo'] = 'bar'; $_FILES['foo'] = 'bar'; $_REQUEST['foo'] = 'bar'; ~~~

# 测试监听器 `<listeners>` 元素及其 `<listener>` 子元素用于在测试执行期间附加额外的测试监听器。 ~~~ <listeners> <listener class="MyListener" file="/optional/path/to/MyListener.php"> <arguments> <array> <element key="0"> <string>Sebastian</string> </element> </array> <integer>22</integer> <string>April</string> <double>19.78</double> <null/> <object class="stdClass"/> </arguments> </listener> </listeners> ~~~ 以上 XML 配置对应于将 `$listener` 对象（见下文）附到测试执行过程上。 ~~~ $listener = new MyListener( array('Sebastian'), 22, 'April', 19.78, NULL, new stdClass ); ~~~

# Logging （日志记录） `<logging>` 元素及其 `<log>` 子元素用于配置测试执行期间的日志记录。 ~~~ <logging> <log type="coverage-html" target="/tmp/report" lowUpperBound="35" highLowerBound="70"/> <log type="coverage-clover" target="/tmp/coverage.xml"/> <log type="coverage-php" target="/tmp/coverage.serialized"/> <log type="coverage-text" target="php://stdout" showUncoveredFiles="false"/> <log type="json" target="/tmp/logfile.json"/> <log type="tap" target="/tmp/logfile.tap"/> <log type="junit" target="/tmp/logfile.xml" logIncompleteSkipped="false"/> <log type="testdox-html" target="/tmp/testdox.html"/> <log type="testdox-text" target="/tmp/testdox.txt"/> </logging> ~~~ 以上 XML 配置对应于以如下选项调用 TextUI 测试执行器： - `--coverage-html /tmp/report` - `--coverage-clover /tmp/coverage.xml` - `--coverage-php /tmp/coverage.serialized` - `--coverage-text` - `--log-json /tmp/logfile.json` - `> /tmp/logfile.txt` - `--log-tap /tmp/logfile.tap` - `--log-junit /tmp/logfile.xml` - `--testdox-html /tmp/testdox.html` - `--testdox-text /tmp/testdox.txt` `lowUpperBound`、`highLowerBound`、`logIncompleteSkipped` 及 `showUncoveredFiles` 属性没有等价的 TextUI 测试执行器选项。 - `lowUpperBound`：视为“低”覆盖率的最大覆盖率百分比。 - `highLowerBound`：视为“高”覆盖率的最小覆盖率百分比。 - `showUncoveredFiles`：在 `--coverage-text` 输出中显示所有符合白名单的文件，不仅限于有覆盖率信息的那些。 - `showOnlySummary`：在 `--coverage-text` 输出中只显示摘要。

# 为代码覆盖率包含或排除文件 `<filter>` 元素及其子元素用于为代码覆盖率报告配置黑名单与白名单。 ~~~ <filter> <blacklist> <directory suffix=".php">/path/to/files</directory> <file>/path/to/file</file> <exclude> <directory suffix=".php">/path/to/files</directory> <file>/path/to/file</file> </exclude> </blacklist> <whitelist processUncoveredFilesFromWhitelist="true"> <directory suffix=".php">/path/to/files</directory> <file>/path/to/file</file> <exclude> <directory suffix=".php">/path/to/files</directory> <file>/path/to/file</file> </exclude> </whitelist> </filter> ~~~

# 分组 `<groups>` 元素及其 `<include>`、`<exclude>`、`<group>` 子元素用于从带有 `@group` 标注（相关文档参见 [the section called “@group”](# "@group")）的测试中选择需要运行（或不运行）的分组。 ~~~ <groups> <include> <group>name</group> </include> <exclude> <group>name</group> </exclude> </groups> ~~~ 以上 XML 配置对应于以如下选项调用 TextUI 测试执行器： - `--group name` - `--exclude-group name`

# 测试套件 带有一个或多个 `<testsuite>` 子元素的 `<testsuites>` 元素用于将测试套件及测试用例组合出新的测试套件。 ~~~ <testsuites> <testsuite name="My Test Suite"> <directory>/path/to/*Test.php files</directory> <file>/path/to/MyTest.php</file> <exclude>/path/to/exclude</exclude> </testsuite> </testsuites> ~~~ 可以用 `phpVersion` 和 `phpVersionOperator` 属性来指定 PHP 版本需求。在以下例子中，仅当 PHP 版本至少为 5.3.0 时才会将 `/path/to/*Test.php` 文件与 `/path/to/MyTest.php` 文件添加到测试套件中。 ~~~ <testsuites> <testsuite name="My Test Suite"> <directory suffix="Test.php" phpVersion="5.3.0" phpVersionOperator=">=">/path/to/files</directory> <file phpVersion="5.3.0" phpVersionOperator=">=">/path/to/MyTest.php</file> </testsuite> </testsuites> ~~~ `phpVersionOperator` 属性是可选的，其默认值为 `>=`。

# PHPUnit `<phpunit>` 元素的属性用于配置 PHPUnit 的核心功能。 ~~~ <phpunit xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://schema.phpunit.de/4.5/phpunit.xsd" backupGlobals="true" backupStaticAttributes="false" <!--bootstrap="/path/to/bootstrap.php"--> cacheTokens="false" colors="false" convertErrorsToExceptions="true" convertNoticesToExceptions="true" convertWarningsToExceptions="true" forceCoversAnnotation="false" mapTestClassNameToCoveredClassName="false" printerClass="PHPUnit_TextUI_ResultPrinter" <!--printerFile="/path/to/ResultPrinter.php"--> processIsolation="false" stopOnError="false" stopOnFailure="false" stopOnIncomplete="false" stopOnSkipped="false" stopOnRisky="false" testSuiteLoaderClass="PHPUnit_Runner_StandardTestSuiteLoader" <!--testSuiteLoaderFile="/path/to/StandardTestSuiteLoader.php"--> timeoutForSmallTests="1" timeoutForMediumTests="10" timeoutForLargeTests="60" verbose="false"> <!-- ... --> </phpunit> ~~~ 以上 XML 配置对应于在[the section called “命令行选项”](# "命令行选项")描述过的 TextUI 测试执行器的默认行为。 其他那些不能用命令行选项来配置的选项有： `convertErrorsToExceptions` 默认情况下，PHPUnit 将会安插一个错误处理函数来将以下错误转换为异常： - `E_WARNING` - `E_NOTICE` - `E_USER_ERROR` - `E_USER_WARNING` - `E_USER_NOTICE` - `E_STRICT` - `E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR` - `E_DEPRECATED` - `E_USER_DEPRECATED` 将 `convertErrorsToExceptions` 设为 `false` 可以禁用此功能。 `convertNoticesToExceptions` 此选项设置为 `false` 时，由 `convertErrorsToExceptions` 安插的错误处理函数不会将 `E_NOTICE`、`E_USER_NOTICE`、`E_STRICT` 错误转换为异常。 `convertWarningsToExceptions` 此选项设置为 `false` 时，由 `convertErrorsToExceptions` 安插的错误处理函数不会将 `E_WARNING` 或 `E_USER_WARNING` 错误转换为异常。 `forceCoversAnnotation` 只记录使用了 `@covers` 标注（文档参见[the section called “@covers”](# "@covers")）的测试的代码覆盖率。 `timeoutForLargeTests` 如果实行了基于测试规模的时间限制，那么此属性为所有标记为 `@large` 的测试设定超时限制。在配置的时间限制内未执行完毕的测试将视为失败。 `timeoutForMediumTests` 如果实行了基于测试规模的时间限制，那么此属性为所有标记为 `@medium` 的测试设定超时限制。在配置的时间限制内未执行完毕的测试将视为失败。 `timeoutForSmallTests` 如果实行了基于测试规模的时间限制，那么此属性为所有未标记为 `@medium` 或 `@large` 的测试设定超时限制。在配置的时间限制内未执行完毕的测试将视为失败。

# 附录 C. XML 配置文件

# @uses `@uses` 标注用来指明那些将会在测试中执行到但同时又不打算让其被测试所覆盖的代码。在对代码单元进行测试时所必须的值对象就是个很好的例子。 ~~~ /** * @covers BankAccount::deposit * @uses Money */ public function testMoneyCanBeDepositedInAccount() { // ... } ~~~ 在严格覆盖模式中，意外覆盖的代码将导致测试判定为失败，这个标注就显得特别有用。关于严格覆盖模式的更多信息，参见[the section called “意外的代码覆盖”](# "意外的代码覆盖")。

# @ticket ~~~ ~~~

# @testdox ~~~ ~~~

# @test 除了用 `test` 作为测试方法名称的前缀外，还可以在方法的文档注释块中用 `@test` 标注来将其标记为测试方法。 ~~~ /** * @test */ public function initialBalanceShouldBe0() { $this->assertEquals(0, $this->ba->getBalance()); } ~~~

# @small `@small` 标注是 `@group small` 的别名。小型(small)测试不能依赖于标记为 `@medium` 或 `@large` 的测试。 如果安装了 `PHP_Invoker` 组件包并启用了严格模式，一个执行时间超过1秒的小型(small)测试将会视为失败。这个超时限制可以通过 XML 配置文件的 `timeoutForSmallTests` 属性进行配置。 ### Note 默认情况下，所有未标记为 `@medium` 或 `@large` 的测试都视为小型(small)测试。请注意，虽然如此，`--group` 和有关的选项都只会将用恰当的标注显式标记好的测试视为在 `small` 组中。

# @runInSeparateProcess 明某个测试要运行在独立的 PHP 进程中。 ~~~ class MyTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { /** * @runInSeparateProcess */ public function testInSeparateProcess() { // ... } } ~~~ **注意：**[the section called “@preserveGlobalState”](# "@preserveGlobalState") 默认情况下，PHPUnit 会尝试通过在父进程序列化全局状态然后在子进程反序列化的方式在子进程中保持来自父进程的全局状态。这当父进程包含非可序列化的全局内容时可能会导致问题。关于如何修正此问题的信息参见[the section called “@preserveGlobalState”](# "@preserveGlobalState")。

# @runTestsInSeparateProcesses 指明单个测试类内的所有测试要各自运行在独立的 PHP 进程中。 ~~~ /** * @runTestsInSeparateProcesses */ class MyTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { // ... } ~~~ **注意：**[the section called “@preserveGlobalState”](# "@preserveGlobalState") 默认情况下，PHPUnit 会尝试通过在父进程序列化全局状态然后在子进程反序列化的方式在子进程中保持来自父进程的全局状态。这当父进程包含非可序列化的全局内容时可能会导致问题。关于如何修正此问题的信息参见[the section called “@preserveGlobalState”](# "@preserveGlobalState")。