将GRPC导出为JSON API
最后更新于:2022-04-02 06:48:45
## 将GRPC导出为JSON API
在第六章的“理解GRPC的使用”一节中,我们实现了一个基础的GRPC服务器和客户端。本节将通过将常见的RPC函数放在一个包中并将它们包装在GRPC服务器和标准Web处理程序中来进行扩展。当你的API希望支持两种类型的客户端,但不希望复制代码以实现常见功能时,这非常有用。
### 实践
1. 安装GRPC:
https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/INSTALL.md.
```
go get github.com/golang/protobuf/proto
go get github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go
```
2. 建立greeter.proto:
```
syntax = "proto3";
package keyvalue;
service KeyValue{
rpc Set(SetKeyValueRequest) returns (KeyValueResponse){}
rpc Get(GetKeyValueRequest) returns (KeyValueResponse){}
}
message SetKeyValueRequest {
string key = 1;
string value = 2;
}
message GetKeyValueRequest{
string key = 1;
}
message KeyValueResponse{
string success = 1;
string value = 2;
}
```
运行
```
protoc --go_out=plugins=grpc:. greeter.proto
```
3. 建立 keyvalue.go:
```
package internal
import (
"golang.org/x/net/context"
"sync"
"github.com/agtorre/go-cookbook/chapter7/grpcjson/keyvalue"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
)
type KeyValue struct {
mutex sync.RWMutex
m map[string]string
}
// NewKeyValue 初始化了KeyValue中的map
func NewKeyValue() *KeyValue {
return &KeyValue{
m: make(map[string]string),
}
}
// Set 为键设置一个值,然后返回该值
func (k *KeyValue) Set(ctx context.Context, r *keyvalue.SetKeyValueRequest) (*keyvalue.KeyValueResponse, error) {
k.mutex.Lock()
k.m[r.GetKey()] = r.GetValue()
k.mutex.Unlock()
return &keyvalue.KeyValueResponse{Value: r.GetValue()}, nil
}
// Get 得到一个给定键的值,或者如果它不存在报告查找失败
func (k *KeyValue) Get(ctx context.Context, r *keyvalue.GetKeyValueRequest) (*keyvalue.KeyValueResponse, error) {
k.mutex.RLock()
defer k.mutex.RUnlock()
val, ok := k.m[r.GetKey()]
if !ok {
return nil, grpc.Errorf(codes.NotFound, "key not set")
}
return &keyvalue.KeyValueResponse{Value: val}, nil
}
```
4. 建立 grpc/main.go:
```
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net"
"github.com/agtorre/go-cookbook/chapter7/grpcjson/internal"
"github.com/agtorre/go-cookbook/chapter7/grpcjson/keyvalue"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
)
func main() {
grpcServer := grpc.NewServer()
keyvalue.RegisterKeyValueServer(grpcServer, internal.NewKeyValue())
lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":4444")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println("Listening on port :4444")
grpcServer.Serve(lis)
}
```
5. 建立 set.go:
```
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"net/http"
"github.com/agtorre/go-cookbook/chapter7/grpcjson/internal"
"github.com/agtorre/go-cookbook/chapter7/grpcjson/keyvalue"
"github.com/apex/log"
)
// Controller 保存一个内部的KeyValueObject
type Controller struct {
*internal.KeyValue
}
// SetHandler 封装了RPC的Set调用
func (c *Controller) SetHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
var kv keyvalue.SetKeyValueRequest
decoder := json.NewDecoder(r.Body)
if err := decoder.Decode(&kv); err != nil {
log.Errorf("failed to decode: %s", err.Error())
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
return
}
gresp, err := c.Set(r.Context(), &kv)
if err != nil {
log.Errorf("failed to set: %s", err.Error())
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
return
}
resp, err := json.Marshal(gresp)
if err != nil {
log.Errorf("failed to marshal: %s", err.Error())
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
return
}
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
w.Write(resp)
}
```
6. 建立 get.go:
```
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"net/http"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
"github.com/agtorre/go-cookbook/chapter7/grpcjson/keyvalue"
"github.com/apex/log"
)
// GetHandler 封装了RPC的Get调用
func (c *Controller) GetHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
key := r.URL.Query().Get("key")
kv := keyvalue.GetKeyValueRequest{Key: key}
gresp, err := c.Get(r.Context(), &kv)
if err != nil {
if grpc.Code(err) == codes.NotFound {
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
return
}
log.Errorf("failed to get: %s", err.Error())
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
return
}
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
resp, err := json.Marshal(gresp)
if err != nil {
log.Errorf("failed to marshal: %s", err.Error())
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
return
}
w.Write(resp)
}
```
7. 建立 main.go:
```
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
"github.com/agtorre/go-cookbook/chapter7/grpcjson/internal"
)
func main() {
c := Controller{KeyValue: internal.NewKeyValue()}
http.HandleFunc("/set", c.SetHandler)
http.HandleFunc("/get", c.GetHandler)
fmt.Println("Listening on port :3333")
err := http.ListenAndServe(":3333", nil)
panic(err)
}
```
8. 运行:
```
$ go run http/*.go
Listening on port :3333
$curl "http://localhost:3333/set" -d '{"key":"test",
"value":"123"}' -v
{"value":"123"}
$curl "http://localhost:3333/get?key=badtest" -v
'name=Reader;greeting=Goodbye'
$curl "http://localhost:3333/get?key=test" -v
'name=Reader;greeting=Goodbye'
{"value":"123"}
```
### 说明
虽然示例中省略了客户端,但你可以复制第6章GRPC章节中的步骤,这样应该看到与示例中相同的结果。http和grpc使用了相同的内部包。我们必须返回适当的GRPC错误代码,并将这些错误代码映射到HTTP响应。在这种情况下,我们使用codes.NotFound,它映射到http.StatusNotFound。如果必须处理多种错误,则switch语句可能比if ... else语句更有意义。
你可能注意到GRPC签名通常非常一致。他们接受请求并返回可选响应和错误。如果你的GRPC调用重复性很强并且看起来很适合代码生成,那么可以创建一个通用的处理程序来填充它,像 github.com/goadesign/goa 这样的库就是这么干的。
* * * *
学识浅薄,错误在所难免。欢迎在群中就本书提出修改意见,以飨后来者,长风拜谢。
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