模型绑定和验证

最后更新于:2022-04-02 07:26:31

若要将请求主体绑定到结构体中,请使用模型绑定,目前支持JSON、XML、YAML和标准表单值(foo=bar&boo=baz)的绑定。 Gin使用 [go-playground/validator.v8](https://github.com/go-playground/validator) 验证参数,[查看完整文档](https://godoc.org/gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v8#hdr-Baked_In_Validators_and_Tags)。 需要在绑定的字段上设置tag,比如,绑定格式为json,需要这样设置 `json:"fieldname"` 。 此外,Gin还提供了两套绑定方法: - Must bind - - Methods - `Bind`, `BindJSON`, `BindXML`, `BindQuery`, `BindYAML` - - Behavior - 这些方法底层使用 `MustBindWith`,如果存在绑定错误,请求将被以下指令中止 `c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)`,响应状态代码会被设置为400,请求头`Content-Type`被设置为`text/plain; charset=utf-8`。注意,如果你试图在此之后设置响应代码,将会发出一个警告 `[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422`,如果你希望更好地控制行为,请使用`ShouldBind`相关的方法 - Should bind - - Methods - `ShouldBind`, `ShouldBindJSON`, `ShouldBindXML`, `ShouldBindQuery`, `ShouldBindYAML` - - Behavior - 这些方法底层使用 `ShouldBindWith`,如果存在绑定错误,则返回错误,开发人员可以正确处理请求和错误。 当我们使用绑定方法时,Gin会根据Content-Type推断出使用哪种绑定器,如果你确定你绑定的是什么,你可以使用`MustBindWith`或者`BindingWith`。 你还可以给字段指定特定规则的修饰符,如果一个字段用`binding:"required"`修饰,并且在绑定时该字段的值为空,那么将返回一个错误。 ``` // 绑定为json type Login struct { User string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"` Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"` } func main() { router := gin.Default() // Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"}) router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) { var json Login if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil { c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()}) return } if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" { c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"}) return } c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"}) }) // Example for binding XML ( // // // user // 123 // ) router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) { var xml Login if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil { c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()}) return } if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" { c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"}) return } c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"}) }) // Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123) router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) { var form Login // This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header. if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil { c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()}) return } if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" { c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"}) return } c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"}) }) // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 router.Run(":8080") } ``` **请求示例:** ``` $ curl -v -X POST \ http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \ -H 'content-type: application/json' \ -d '{ "user": "manu" }' > POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1 > Host: localhost:8080 > User-Agent: curl/7.51.0 > Accept: */* > content-type: application/json > Content-Length: 18 > * upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes < HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request < Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 < Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT < Content-Length: 100 < {"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"} ``` **跳过验证:** 当使用上面的curl命令运行上面的示例时,返回错误,因为示例中`Password`字段使用了`binding:"required"`,如果我们使用`binding:"-"`,那么它就不会报错。
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