android自定义控件

最后更新于:2022-04-01 14:25:58

最近忙得好久没写博客了,今天再次回归,总结巩固自己学的东西。在android中都觉得写控件是一件比较难的事,其实并不难,这篇博客来讲讲如何自定义控件,并自定了我在项目中常用的一个控件,先看效果图: ![](https://docs.gechiui.com/gc-content/uploads/sites/kancloud/2016-04-08_570771b531d3a.jpg) 话不多说,直接进入主题。 看看上图的圆框,我们要先画出此界面。布局如下: ~~~ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/rel" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="40dp" android:layout_gravity="center" android:layout_marginLeft="10dp" android:layout_marginRight="10dp" android:background="@drawable/global_advsearch_item_shape" > <TextView android:id="@+id/text1" android:layout_width="35dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:layout_marginLeft="11dp" android:textColor="#444444" /> <View android:id="@+id/view1" android:layout_width="1dp" android:layout_height="15dp" android:layout_marginLeft="6dp" android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:layout_toRightOf="@id/text1" android:background="#CCCCCC" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/edit1" android:layout_toRightOf="@id/view1" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:background="@null" android:layout_marginLeft="13dp" android:layout_marginRight="13dp" android:gravity="left|center" android:hint="请选择" android:textColor="#444444" /> </RelativeLayout> ~~~ 外框的背景也要用drawable下的shape来画,定义好弧度和框的颜色及粗度,如下: ~~~ <shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" > <solid android:color="#FFFFFF" /> <stroke android:color="#F56A55" android:width="1dp" /> <corners android:radius="100dp" /> </shape> ~~~ 既然是自定义的组件,那么组件的属性也要可以设置。需要定义以下的属性文件,在attrs.xml中: ~~~ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <declare-styleable name="OutButton"> <attr name="btnbackground" format="reference|color"/> <attr name="leftText" format="string"/> <attr name="leftSize" format="dimension"/> <attr name="leftColor" format="color"/> <attr name="rightColor" format="color"/> <attr name="rightText" format="string"/> <attr name="rightSize" format="dimension"/> </declare-styleable> </resources> ~~~ 以上的属性是随意添加的。其中leftText是控制左textView的文字,leftColor是控制文字的颜色。以此类推。format是定义属性的类型,如string是指属性要定义成字符串,dimension指的是大小,如12sp之类的。color是颜色。reference可以是引用 ,如设置图片背景的时候引用drawable下的文件。 然后就是定义我的组件,为了方便让它继承自FrameLayout,代码 如下: ~~~ public class customButton extends FrameLayout { private TextView leftText; private TextView rightText; private RelativeLayout rel; private OutClickListener mlistener = null; private int flag; public customButton(final Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.outbutton, this); leftText = (TextView)super.findViewById(R.id.text1); rightText = (TextView)super.findViewById(R.id.edit1); TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.OutButton); leftText.setText(ta.getString(R.styleable.OutButton_leftText)); rightText.setText(ta.getString(R.styleable.OutButton_rightText)); leftText.setTextSize(ta.getDimension(R.styleable.OutButton_leftSize, 10)); rightText.setTextSize(ta.getDimension(R.styleable.OutButton_rightSize, 10)); //rel.setBackground(ta.getDrawable(R.styleable.OutButton_btnbackground)); rightText.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { if(mlistener !=null) mlistener.popListener(); /*int a = mlistener.getFlag(); Intent i = new Intent(context,CustomDialogActivity.class); context.ststartActivityForResult(i,1);*/ } }); ta.recycle(); } public void setOutClickListener(OutClickListener listener){ this.mlistener = listener; } public interface OutClickListener{ void popListener(); //int getFlag(); } } ~~~ 其实很简单,逐一讲解。 ~~~ TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.OutButton); ~~~ 指的是获取我们刚刚定义的属性文件。然后将其中定义的属性赋给控件,这样属性就与控件绑定到一起。为了使控件有点击事件,我们需要定义 一个接口OutClickListener,并在rightText的点击事件中调用接口的方法。最后通过setOnClickListener()把接口暴露给调用者,这样就可以通过回调在外层写点击事件。也保证也控件的解藕。 这样控件就定义完了,来看看如何使用。为了可以使用属性,要在布局文件的命名空间加入如下一行声明: ~~~ xmlns:lxj="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" ~~~ 接下来就可以自定义属性了,如下: ~~~ <com.example.linxj.customoutbutton.customButton android:id="@+id/btn" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop="10dp" lxj:leftText="时间" lxj:leftSize="8sp" lxj:rightSize ="8sp" lxj:rightText="请点击"></com.example.linxj.customoutbutton.customButton> ~~~ 这样就可以显示了。接下来我们用这个控件来完成弹出框的功能。在一个项目中,可能会多次很到不同的弹出框,为此可以定义一个Dialog形式的Activity,并实现多个Dialog的复用。先看看代码: ~~~ public class CustomDialogActivity extends Activity { private List<String> dataList; private ListView listView; private Button cancelButton; private String[] dataSource; private int flag; private static final float RATIO = 5/10f; private String templeContent = ""; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); super.setContentView(R.layout.global_popwin_main); dataList = new ArrayList<String>(); WindowManager.LayoutParams lp = getWindow().getAttributes(); lp.width = LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT; lp.gravity = Gravity.BOTTOM; getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DIM_BEHIND); getWindow().setAttributes(lp); initViews(); } private void initViews(){ Bundle bundle = getIntent().getExtras(); flag = bundle.getInt("flag"); initData(flag); cancelButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cancel_but); listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.select); listView.setAdapter(new SessionBaseAdapter()); listView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListenerImpl()); setPopWindowSize(flag); cancelButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Intent intent = new Intent(); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putInt("flag", flag); bundle.putString("content", ""); intent.putExtras(bundle); setResult(RESULT_OK, intent); finish(); } }); } private void initData(int flag){ dataList = new ArrayList<String>(); switch (flag) { case 0: Bundle bundle = getIntent().getExtras(); dataSource = bundle.getStringArray("project_year"); case 1: dataSource = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.startYear); break; } for (int i = 0; i < dataSource.length; i++) { dataList.add(dataSource[i]); } } private void setPopWindowSize(int flag){ switch (flag) { case 0: case 1: float screenHeight = this.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().heightPixels; LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParams = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) listView.getLayoutParams(); layoutParams.height = (int) (screenHeight * RATIO); listView.setLayoutParams(layoutParams); break; } } final class ViewHolder { public ImageView image; public TextView itemName; public RelativeLayout layout; } class SessionBaseAdapter extends BaseAdapter { public SessionBaseAdapter() {} @Override public int getCount() { return dataList.size(); } @Override public Object getItem(int postion) { return postion; } @Override public long getItemId(int postion) { return postion; } @Override public View getView(final int postion, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(); convertView = LayoutInflater.from(CustomDialogActivity.this).inflate(R.layout.global_popwin_listitem, null); holder.layout = (RelativeLayout) convertView.findViewById(R.id.type1_layout_1); holder.image = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.icon); holder.itemName = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.text); convertView.setTag(holder); holder.itemName.setText(dataList.get(postion)); holder.layout.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { holder.itemName.setTextColor(Color.parseColor("#F56A55")); holder.image.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); templeContent = dataList.get(postion); startIntent(); } }); return convertView; } } private void startIntent() { Intent intent = new Intent(); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putInt("flag", flag); bundle.putString("content", templeContent); intent.putExtras(bundle); setResult(RESULT_OK, intent); this.finish(); } public class OnItemClickListenerImpl implements OnItemClickListener { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int postion, long id) { ViewHolder holder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag(); holder.image.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); holder.itemName.setTextColor(Color.parseColor("#F56A55")); templeContent = dataList.get(postion); startIntent(); } } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN && isOutOfBounds(CustomDialogActivity.this, event)) { startIntent(); return true; } return super.onTouchEvent(event); } private boolean isOutOfBounds(Activity context, MotionEvent event) { final int x = (int) event.getX(); final int y = (int) event.getY(); final int slop = ViewConfiguration.get(context).getScaledWindowTouchSlop(); final View decorView = context.getWindow().getDecorView(); return (x < -slop) || (y < -slop)|| (x > (decorView.getWidth() + slop))|| (y > (decorView.getHeight() + slop)); } @Override public void onBackPressed() { super.onBackPressed(); startIntent(); } } ~~~ 代码很长,但总结下来就是,传不同的flag进去,定义不同的Dialog样式。上面代码为了方便只举了两个flag,其实在项目中你可以定义很多分类。并定义不同样式的Dialog。 以上代码可以传不同的数组进去,它都能正常的显示出来,复用性强。接下来我们来看看MainActivity如何调用。 ~~~ protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); cBtn = (customButton)super.findViewById(R.id.btn); cBtn.setOutClickListener(new customButton.OutClickListener() { @Override public void popListener() { Bundle b = new Bundle(); b.putInt("flag", 1); Intent i = new Intent(MainActivity.this,CustomDialogActivity.class).putExtras(b); startActivityForResult(i,1); } }); } @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if(resultCode == RESULT_OK){ Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,data.getStringExtra("content"),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } ~~~ 好的,很简单,传入一个flag。而出来的年代数据是定义在布局文件string-array中的。 有的控件可能自定义进来很难,但这都是一个迭代的过程,再复杂的控件也是从简单控件入手的。之后会给出代码的下载地址。 [源码下载地址](https://github.com/reallin/CustomOutButton.git)
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