第十五章 使用Prometheus监控Kubernetes集群和应用

最后更新于:2022-04-02 05:07:11

实战 | 使用Prometheus监控Kubernetes集群和应用 ==================================== ### 一、环境准备 ---------------- 必要的环境: * Kubernetes集群,版本1.4以上 * 相关镜像准备: * gcr.io/google_containers/kube-state-metrics:v0.5.0 * prom/prometheus:v1.7.0 * prom/node-exporter:v0.14.0 * giantswarm/tiny-tools * dockermuenster/caddy:0.9.3 * grafana/grafana:4.2.0 * quay.io/prometheus/alertmanager:v0.7.1 访问专属harbor下载所有镜像,harbor地址如下: `http://harbor.ttlinux.com.cn/harbor/sign-in` * 将上述镜像下载到本地后,使用`docker load`命令加载到*Kubernetes*每台Node节点上。 ### 二、Prometheus介绍 --------------------- *Prometheus*由SoundCloud开源的监控系统,它与*Kubernetes*是**CNCF**组织最初的两个项目, *Prometheus*很大程度上受到了*Google*的*Borgmon*系统启发,与传统的监控方式不同,*Prometheus*使用**拉(Pull)**的方式。 *Prometheus*是一个监控系统,它不仅仅包含了时间序列数据库,还有全套的抓取、检索、绘图、报警的功能。 下图是*Prometheus*的架构图: ![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/blob/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/arch.jpeg?raw=true) 更多细节请访问[*Prometheus*官方网站](https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/) ### 三、监控组件安装 ---------------------- 下载*Prometheus*的部署文件:[prometheus配置文件下载](https://gitee.com/huyipow/k8s-deploy.git),使用`kubectl`命令创建*Prometheus*各个组件: ```bash kubectl create -f manifests-all.yaml ``` 执行完成后,*Kubernetes*集群中会出现一个新的*Namespace*: "monitoring",里面有很多组件: ```bash kubectl get pods,svc,deployment,job,daemonset,ingress --namespace=monitoring NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE po/alertmanager-3874563995-fqvet 1/1 Running 1 1d po/grafana-core-741762473-exne3 1/1 Running 1 2d po/kube-state-metrics-1381605391-hiqti 1/1 Running 1 1d po/kube-state-metrics-1381605391-j11e6 1/1 Running 1 2d po/node-directory-size-metrics-0abcp 2/2 Running 2 16d po/node-directory-size-metrics-6xmzk 2/2 Running 2 16d po/node-directory-size-metrics-d5cka 2/2 Running 2 16d po/node-directory-size-metrics-ojo1x 2/2 Running 2 16d po/node-directory-size-metrics-rdvn8 2/2 Running 2 16d po/node-directory-size-metrics-tfqox 2/2 Running 2 16d po/node-directory-size-metrics-wkec1 2/2 Running 2 16d po/prometheus-core-4080573952-vu2dg 1/1 Running 49 1d po/prometheus-node-exporter-1dnvp 1/1 Running 1 16d po/prometheus-node-exporter-64763 1/1 Running 1 16d po/prometheus-node-exporter-6h6u0 1/1 Running 1 16d po/prometheus-node-exporter-i29ic 1/1 Running 1 16d po/prometheus-node-exporter-i6mvh 1/1 Running 1 16d po/prometheus-node-exporter-lxqou 1/1 Running 1 16d po/prometheus-node-exporter-n1n8y 1/1 Running 1 16d NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE svc/alertmanager 192.168.3.247 9093/TCP 16d svc/grafana 192.168.3.89 3000/TCP 16d svc/kube-state-metrics 192.168.3.78 8080/TCP 16d svc/prometheus 192.168.3.174 9090/TCP 16d svc/prometheus-node-exporter None 9100/TCP 16d NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE deploy/alertmanager 1 1 1 1 16d deploy/grafana-core 1 1 1 1 16d deploy/kube-state-metrics 2 2 2 2 16d deploy/prometheus-core 1 1 1 1 16d NAME DESIRED SUCCESSFUL AGE jobs/grafana-import-dashboards 1 1 16d NAME DESIRED CURRENT NODE-SELECTOR AGE ds/node-directory-size-metrics 7 7 16d ds/prometheus-node-exporter 7 7 16d NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE ing/grafana grafana.yeepay.com 80 16d ``` *manifests-all.yaml*文件中使用30161和30162的*Nodeport*端口作为*Grafana*和*Prometheus* Web界面的访问端口。 ### 四、监控初始化 ---------------------------------- #### 1、 登录*Grafana* --------------------- 通过[http://${Your_API_SERVER_IP}:30161/]()登录*Grafana*,默认的用户名和密码都是*admin*,登录如下图所示: ![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/login.png) #### 2、添加数据源 ------------------- 点击左上角图标,找到*DataSource*选项,添加数据源: ![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/datasource.png) #### 3、添加*Prometheus*的数据源 -------------------- 将*Prometheus*的作为数据源的相关参数如下图所示: ![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/prometheus-ds.png) 点击*Save & Test*按钮,保存数据源。 #### 五、监控*Kubernetes*集群 --------------- #### 1、导入模板文件: -------------------- 点击左上角*Grafana*的图标,选在*Dashboard*选项: ![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/dashboard.png) 点击*Import*导入监控模板: ![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/import.png) 可以从[这里](https://grafana.com/dashboards)下载各种监控模板,然后使用*Upload*到*Grafana*: ![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/upload.png) #### 2、Kubernetes集群监控实例 ------------ ![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/k8scluster.png) 下载此监控模板:[kubernetes-cluster-monitoring-via-prometheus_rev2.json](grafana/kubernetes-cluster-monitoring-via-prometheus_rev2.json) #### 3、Deployment级别监控实例 ------------------ ![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/k8sdeploymetrics.png) 下载此监控模板:[deployment-metrics_rev1.json](grafana/deployment-metrics_rev1.json) #### 4、Pod级别资源监控实例 ----------------- ![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/grafanapod.png) 下载此监控模板:[pod-metrics_rev2.json](grafana/pod-metrics_rev2.json) #### 5、App级别的资源、请求量监控实例 -------------- ![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/appmetrics.png) 下载此监控模板:[kubernetes-apps_rev1.json](grafana/kubernetes-apps_rev1.json)
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