第十五章 使用Prometheus监控Kubernetes集群和应用
最后更新于:2022-04-02 05:07:11
实战 | 使用Prometheus监控Kubernetes集群和应用
====================================
### 一、环境准备
----------------
必要的环境:
* Kubernetes集群,版本1.4以上
* 相关镜像准备:
* gcr.io/google_containers/kube-state-metrics:v0.5.0
* prom/prometheus:v1.7.0
* prom/node-exporter:v0.14.0
* giantswarm/tiny-tools
* dockermuenster/caddy:0.9.3
* grafana/grafana:4.2.0
* quay.io/prometheus/alertmanager:v0.7.1
访问专属harbor下载所有镜像,harbor地址如下:
`http://harbor.ttlinux.com.cn/harbor/sign-in`
* 将上述镜像下载到本地后,使用`docker load`命令加载到*Kubernetes*每台Node节点上。
### 二、Prometheus介绍
---------------------
*Prometheus*由SoundCloud开源的监控系统,它与*Kubernetes*是**CNCF**组织最初的两个项目,
*Prometheus*很大程度上受到了*Google*的*Borgmon*系统启发,与传统的监控方式不同,*Prometheus*使用**拉(Pull)**的方式。
*Prometheus*是一个监控系统,它不仅仅包含了时间序列数据库,还有全套的抓取、检索、绘图、报警的功能。
下图是*Prometheus*的架构图:
![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/blob/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/arch.jpeg?raw=true)
更多细节请访问[*Prometheus*官方网站](https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/)
### 三、监控组件安装
----------------------
下载*Prometheus*的部署文件:[prometheus配置文件下载](https://gitee.com/huyipow/k8s-deploy.git),使用`kubectl`命令创建*Prometheus*各个组件:
```bash
kubectl create -f manifests-all.yaml
```
执行完成后,*Kubernetes*集群中会出现一个新的*Namespace*: "monitoring",里面有很多组件:
```bash
kubectl get pods,svc,deployment,job,daemonset,ingress --namespace=monitoring
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
po/alertmanager-3874563995-fqvet 1/1 Running 1 1d
po/grafana-core-741762473-exne3 1/1 Running 1 2d
po/kube-state-metrics-1381605391-hiqti 1/1 Running 1 1d
po/kube-state-metrics-1381605391-j11e6 1/1 Running 1 2d
po/node-directory-size-metrics-0abcp 2/2 Running 2 16d
po/node-directory-size-metrics-6xmzk 2/2 Running 2 16d
po/node-directory-size-metrics-d5cka 2/2 Running 2 16d
po/node-directory-size-metrics-ojo1x 2/2 Running 2 16d
po/node-directory-size-metrics-rdvn8 2/2 Running 2 16d
po/node-directory-size-metrics-tfqox 2/2 Running 2 16d
po/node-directory-size-metrics-wkec1 2/2 Running 2 16d
po/prometheus-core-4080573952-vu2dg 1/1 Running 49 1d
po/prometheus-node-exporter-1dnvp 1/1 Running 1 16d
po/prometheus-node-exporter-64763 1/1 Running 1 16d
po/prometheus-node-exporter-6h6u0 1/1 Running 1 16d
po/prometheus-node-exporter-i29ic 1/1 Running 1 16d
po/prometheus-node-exporter-i6mvh 1/1 Running 1 16d
po/prometheus-node-exporter-lxqou 1/1 Running 1 16d
po/prometheus-node-exporter-n1n8y 1/1 Running 1 16d
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
svc/alertmanager 192.168.3.247 9093/TCP 16d
svc/grafana 192.168.3.89 3000/TCP 16d
svc/kube-state-metrics 192.168.3.78 8080/TCP 16d
svc/prometheus 192.168.3.174 9090/TCP 16d
svc/prometheus-node-exporter None 9100/TCP 16d
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deploy/alertmanager 1 1 1 1 16d
deploy/grafana-core 1 1 1 1 16d
deploy/kube-state-metrics 2 2 2 2 16d
deploy/prometheus-core 1 1 1 1 16d
NAME DESIRED SUCCESSFUL AGE
jobs/grafana-import-dashboards 1 1 16d
NAME DESIRED CURRENT NODE-SELECTOR AGE
ds/node-directory-size-metrics 7 7 16d
ds/prometheus-node-exporter 7 7 16d
NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
ing/grafana grafana.yeepay.com 80 16d
```
*manifests-all.yaml*文件中使用30161和30162的*Nodeport*端口作为*Grafana*和*Prometheus* Web界面的访问端口。
### 四、监控初始化
----------------------------------
#### 1、 登录*Grafana*
---------------------
通过[http://${Your_API_SERVER_IP}:30161/]()登录*Grafana*,默认的用户名和密码都是*admin*,登录如下图所示:
![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/login.png)
#### 2、添加数据源
-------------------
点击左上角图标,找到*DataSource*选项,添加数据源:
![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/datasource.png)
#### 3、添加*Prometheus*的数据源
--------------------
将*Prometheus*的作为数据源的相关参数如下图所示:
![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/prometheus-ds.png)
点击*Save & Test*按钮,保存数据源。
#### 五、监控*Kubernetes*集群
---------------
#### 1、导入模板文件:
--------------------
点击左上角*Grafana*的图标,选在*Dashboard*选项:
![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/dashboard.png)
点击*Import*导入监控模板:
![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/import.png)
可以从[这里](https://grafana.com/dashboards)下载各种监控模板,然后使用*Upload*到*Grafana*:
![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/upload.png)
#### 2、Kubernetes集群监控实例
------------
![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/k8scluster.png)
下载此监控模板:[kubernetes-cluster-monitoring-via-prometheus_rev2.json](grafana/kubernetes-cluster-monitoring-via-prometheus_rev2.json)
#### 3、Deployment级别监控实例
------------------
![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/k8sdeploymetrics.png)
下载此监控模板:[deployment-metrics_rev1.json](grafana/deployment-metrics_rev1.json)
#### 4、Pod级别资源监控实例
-----------------
![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/grafanapod.png)
下载此监控模板:[pod-metrics_rev2.json](grafana/pod-metrics_rev2.json)
#### 5、App级别的资源、请求量监控实例
--------------
![](https://github.com/lth2015/TechNotes/raw/master/Monitoring%20kubernetes%20with%20prometheus/appmetrics.png)
下载此监控模板:[kubernetes-apps_rev1.json](grafana/kubernetes-apps_rev1.json)
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