wxPython:文件对话框wx.FileDialog

本节看一下文件对话框的使用，先看实例，再介绍具体知识点。 代码： ~~~ #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- ''' Function:绘图 Input：NONE Output: NONE author: socrates blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/dyx1024/ date:2012-07-14 ''' import wx import cPickle import os class PaintWindow(wx.Window): def __init__(self, parent, id): wx.Window.__init__(self, parent, id) self.SetBackgroundColour("Red") self.color = "Green" self.thickness = 10 #创建一个画笔 self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID) self.lines = [] self.curLine = [] self.pos = (0, 0) self.InitBuffer() #连接事件 self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self.OnLeftDown) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_UP, self.OnLeftUp) self.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.OnMotion) self.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.OnSize) self.Bind(wx.EVT_IDLE, self.OnIdle) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint) def InitBuffer(self): size = self.GetClientSize() #创建缓存的设备上下文 self.buffer = wx.EmptyBitmap(size.width, size.height) dc = wx.BufferedDC(None, self.buffer) #使用设备上下文 dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour())) dc.Clear() self.DrawLines(dc) self.reInitBuffer = False def GetLinesData(self): return self.lines[:] def SetLinesData(self, lines): self.lines = lines[:] self.InitBuffer() self.Refresh() def OnLeftDown(self, event): self.curLine = [] #获取鼠标位置 self.pos = event.GetPositionTuple() self.CaptureMouse() def OnLeftUp(self, event): if self.HasCapture(): self.lines.append((self.color, self.thickness, self.curLine)) self.curLine = [] self.ReleaseMouse() def OnMotion(self, event): if event.Dragging() and event.LeftIsDown(): dc = wx.BufferedDC(wx.ClientDC(self), self.buffer) self.drawMotion(dc, event) event.Skip() def drawMotion(self, dc, event): dc.SetPen(self.pen) newPos = event.GetPositionTuple() coords = self.pos + newPos self.curLine.append(coords) dc.DrawLine(*coords) self.pos = newPos def OnSize(self, event): self.reInitBuffer = True def OnIdle(self, event): if self.reInitBuffer: self.InitBuffer() self.Refresh(False) def OnPaint(self, event): dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self, self.buffer) def DrawLines(self, dc): for colour, thickness, line in self.lines: pen = wx.Pen(colour, thickness, wx.SOLID) dc.SetPen(pen) for coords in line: dc.DrawLine(*coords) def SetColor(self, color): self.color = color self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID) def SetThickness(self, num): self.thickness = num self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID) class PaintFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent): self.title = "Paint Frame" wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, -1, self.title, size = (800, 600)) self.paint = PaintWindow(self, -1) #状态栏 self.paint.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.OnPaintMotion) self.InitStatusBar() #创建菜单 self.CreateMenuBar() self.filename = "" def InitStatusBar(self): self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar() #将状态栏分割为3个区域,比例为1:2:3 self.statusbar.SetFieldsCount(3) self.statusbar.SetStatusWidths([-1, -2, -3]) def OnPaintMotion(self, event): #设置状态栏1内容 self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"鼠标位置：" + str(event.GetPositionTuple()), 0) #设置状态栏2内容 self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"当前线条长度：%s" % len(self.paint.curLine), 1) #设置状态栏3内容 self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"线条数目：%s" % len(self.paint.lines), 2) event.Skip() def MenuData(self): ''' 菜单数据 ''' #格式：菜单数据的格式现在是(标签, (项目))，其中：项目组成为：标签, 描术文字, 处理器, 可选的kind #标签长度为2，项目的长度是3或4 return [("&File", ( #一级菜单项 ("&New", "New paint file", self.OnNew), #二级菜单项 ("&Open", "Open paint file", self.OnOpen), ("&Save", "Save paint file", self.OnSave), ("", "", ""), #分隔线 ("&Color", ( ("&Black", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO), #三级菜单项，单选 ("&Red", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO), ("&Green", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO), ("&Blue", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO))), ("", "", ""), ("&Quit", "Quit", self.OnCloseWindow))) ] def CreateMenuBar(self): ''' 创建菜单 ''' menuBar = wx.MenuBar() for eachMenuData in self.MenuData(): menuLabel = eachMenuData[0] menuItems = eachMenuData[1] menuBar.Append(self.CreateMenu(menuItems), menuLabel) self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) def CreateMenu(self, menuData): ''' 创建一级菜单 ''' menu = wx.Menu() for eachItem in menuData: if len(eachItem) == 2: label = eachItem[0] subMenu = self.CreateMenu(eachItem[1]) menu.AppendMenu(wx.NewId(), label, subMenu) #递归创建菜单项 else: self.CreateMenuItem(menu, *eachItem) return menu def CreateMenuItem(self, menu, label, status, handler, kind = wx.ITEM_NORMAL): ''' 创建菜单项内容 ''' if not label: menu.AppendSeparator() return menuItem = menu.Append(-1, label, status, kind) self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, handler,menuItem) def OnNew(self, event): pass def OnOpen(self, event): ''' 打开开文件对话框 ''' file_wildcard = "Paint files(*.paint)|*.paint|All files(*.*)|*.*" dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, "Open paint file...", os.getcwd(), style = wx.OPEN, wildcard = file_wildcard) if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: self.filename = dlg.GetPath() self.ReadFile() self.SetTitle(self.title + '--' + self.filename) dlg.Destroy() def OnSave(self, event): ''' 保存文件 ''' if not self.filename: self.OnSaveAs(event) else: self.SaveFile() def OnSaveAs(self, event): ''' 弹出文件保存对话框 ''' file_wildcard = "Paint files(*.paint)|*.paint|All files(*.*)|*.*" dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, "Save paint as ...", os.getcwd(), style = wx.SAVE | wx.OVERWRITE_PROMPT, wildcard = file_wildcard) if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: filename = dlg.GetPath() if not os.path.splitext(filename)[1]: #如果没有文件名后缀 filename = filename + '.paint' self.filename = filename self.SaveFile() self.SetTitle(self.title + '--' + self.filename) dlg.Destroy() def OnColor(self, event): ''' 更改画笔内容 ''' menubar = self.GetMenuBar() itemid = event.GetId() item = menubar.FindItemById(itemid) color = item.GetLabel() #获取菜单项内容 self.paint.SetColor(color) def OnCloseWindow(self, event): self.Destroy() def SaveFile(self): ''' 保存文件 ''' if self.filename: data = self.paint.GetLinesData() f = open(self.filename, 'w') cPickle.dump(data, f) f.close() def ReadFile(self): if self.filename: try: f = open(self.filename, 'r') data = cPickle.load(f) f.close() self.paint.SetLinesData(data) except cPickle.UnpicklingError: wx.MessageBox("%s is not a paint file." % self.filename, "error tip", style = wx.OK | wx.ICON_EXCLAMATION) if __name__ == '__main__': app = wx.PySimpleApp() frame = PaintFrame(None) frame.Show(True) app.MainLoop() ~~~ 测试： 1、保存对话框：  2、打开对话框：  知识点介绍： wx.FileDialog原型： wxFileDialog([wxWindow](http://www.cnblogs.com/dyx1024/admin/)* parent, const [wxString](http://www.cnblogs.com/dyx1024/admin/)& message = "Choose a file", const [wxString](http://www.cnblogs.com/dyx1024/admin/)& defaultDir = "", const [wxString](http://www.cnblogs.com/dyx1024/admin/)&defaultFile = "", const [wxString](http://www.cnblogs.com/dyx1024/admin/)& wildcard = "*.*", long style = wxFD_DEFAULT_STYLE, const [wxPoint](http://www.cnblogs.com/dyx1024/admin/)& pos = wxDefaultPosition,const [wxSize](http://www.cnblogs.com/dyx1024/admin/)& sz = wxDefaultSize, const [wxString](http://www.cnblogs.com/dyx1024/admin/)& name = "filedlg") 方法： - wxFileDialog::wxFileDialog - wxFileDialog::~wxFileDialog - wxFileDialog::GetDirectory - wxFileDialog::GetFilename - wxFileDialog::GetFilenames - wxFileDialog::GetFilterIndex - wxFileDialog::GetMessage - wxFileDialog::GetPath - wxFileDialog::GetPaths - wxFileDialog::GetWildcard - wxFileDialog::SetDirectory - wxFileDialog::SetFilename - wxFileDialog::SetFilterIndex - wxFileDialog::SetMessage - wxFileDialog::SetPath - wxFileDialog::SetWildcard - wxFileDialog::ShowModal 参数： - parentParent window. - messageMessage to show on the dialog. - defaultDirThe default directory, or the empty string. - defaultFileThe default filename, or the empty string. - wildcard A wildcard, such as "*.*" or "BMP files (*.bmp)|*.bmp|GIF files (*.gif)|*.gif".               Note that the native Motif dialog has some limitations with respect to wildcards; see the Remarks section above. - styleA dialog style. See wxFD_* styles for more info. - posDialog position. Not implemented. - sizeDialog size. Not implemented. - name Dialog name. Not implemented.                                   附:Style取值 | wxFD_DEFAULT_STYLE | Equivalent to wxFD_OPEN. | |-----|-----| | wxFD_OPEN | This is an open dialog; usually this means that the default button's label of the dialog is "Open". Cannot be combined with wxFD_SAVE. | | wxFD_SAVE | This is a save dialog; usually this means that the default button's label of the dialog is "Save". Cannot be combined with wxFD_OPEN. | | wxFD_OVERWRITE_PROMPT | For save dialog only: prompt for a confirmation if a file will be overwritten. | | wxFD_FILE_MUST_EXIST | For open dialog only: the user may only select files that actually exist. | | wxFD_MULTIPLE | For open dialog only: allows selecting multiple files. | | wxFD_CHANGE_DIR | Change the current working directory to the directory where the file(s) chosen by the user are. | | wxFD_PREVIEW | Show the preview of the selected files (currently only supported by wxGTK using GTK+ 2.4 or later).  |