Android应用程序组件Content Provider的启动过程源代码分析

最后更新于:2022-04-02 05:06:12

原文出处——>[Android应用程序组件Content Provider的启动过程源代码分析](http://blog.csdn.net/luoshengyang/article/details/6963418) 通过前面的学习,我们知道在Android系统中,Content Provider可以为不同的应用程序访问相同的数据提供统一的入口。Content Provider一般是运行在独立的进程中的,每一个Content Provider在系统中只有一个实例存在,其它应用程序首先要找到这个实例,然后才能访问它的数据。那么,系统中的Content Provider实例是由谁来负责启动的呢?本文将回答这个问题。 Content Provider和应用程序组件Activity、Service一样,需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件中配置之后才能使用。系统在安装包含Content Provider的应用程序的时候,会把这些Content Provider的描述信息保存起来,其中最重要的就是Content Provider的Authority信息,Android应用程序的安装过程具体可以参考Android应用程序安装过程源代码分析一文。注意,安装应用程序的时候,并不会把相应的Content Provider加载到内存中来,系统采取的是懒加载的机制,等到第一次要使用这个Content Provider的时候,系统才会把它加载到内存中来,下次再要使用这个Content Provider的时候,就可以直接返回了。 本文以前面一篇文章Android应用程序组件Content Provider应用实例中的例子来详细分析Content Provider的启动过程。在Android应用程序组件Content Provider应用实例这篇文章介绍的应用程序Article中,第一次使用ArticlesProvider这个Content Provider的地方是ArticlesAdapter类的getArticleCount函数,因为MainActivity要在ListView中显示文章信息列表时, 首先要知道ArticlesProvider中的文章信息的数量。从ArticlesAdapter类的getArticleCount函数调用开始,一直到ArticlesProvider类的onCreate函数被调用,就是ArticlesProvider的完整启动过程,下面我们就先看看这个过程的序列图,然后再详细分析每一个步骤: ![](http://hi.csdn.net/attachment/201111/13/0_13211766049TP1.gif) **Step 1. ArticlesAdapter.getArticleCount** 这个函数定义在前面一篇文章Android应用程序组件Content Provider应用实例介绍的应用程序Artilce源代码工程目录下,在文件为packages/experimental/Article/src/shy/luo/article/ArticlesAdapter.java中: ~~~ public class ArticlesAdapter { ...... private ContentResolver resolver = null; public ArticlesAdapter(Context context) { resolver = context.getContentResolver(); } ...... public int getArticleCount() { int count = 0; try { IContentProvider provider = resolver.acquireProvider(Articles.CONTENT_URI); Bundle bundle = provider.call(Articles.METHOD_GET_ITEM_COUNT, null, null); count = bundle.getInt(Articles.KEY_ITEM_COUNT, 0); } catch(RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return count; } ...... } ~~~ 这个函数通过应用程序上下文的ContentResolver接口resolver的acquireProvider函数来获得与Articles.CONTENT_URI对应的Content Provider对象的IContentProvider接口。常量Articles.CONTENT_URI是在应用程序ArticlesProvider中定义的,它的值为“content://shy.luo.providers.articles/item” ,对应的Content Provider就是ArticlesProvider了。 **Step 2. ContentResolver.acqireProvider** 这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContentResolver.java文件中: ~~~ public abstract class ContentResolver { ...... public final IContentProvider acquireProvider(Uri uri) { if (!SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(uri.getScheme())) { return null; } String auth = uri.getAuthority(); if (auth != null) { return acquireProvider(mContext, uri.getAuthority()); } return null; } ...... } ~~~ 函数首先验证参数uri的scheme是否正确,即是否是以content://开头 ,然后取出它的authority部分,最后调用另外一个成员函数acquireProvider执行获取ContentProvider接口的操作。在我们这个情景中,参数uri的authority的内容便是“shy.luo.providers.articles”了。 从ContentResolver类的定义我们可以看出,它是一个抽象类,两个参数版本的acquireProvider函数是由它的子类来实现的。回到Step 1中,这个ContentResolver接口是通过应用程序上下文Context对象的getContentResolver函数来获得的,而应用程序上下文Context是由ContextImpl类来实现的,它定义在**frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java**文件中: ~~~ class ContextImpl extends Context { ...... private ApplicationContentResolver mContentResolver; ...... final void init(LoadedApk packageInfo, IBinder activityToken, ActivityThread mainThread, Resources container) { ...... mContentResolver = new ApplicationContentResolver(this, mainThread); ...... } ...... @Override public ContentResolver getContentResolver() { return mContentResolver; } ...... } ~~~ ContextImpl类的init函数是在应用程序启动的时候调用的,具体可以参考Android应用程序启动过程源代码分析一文中的Step 34。 因此,在上面的ContentResolver类的acquireProvider函数里面接下来要调用的ApplicationContentResolver类的acquireProvider函数。 **Step 3. ApplicationContentResolve.acquireProvider** 这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java文件中: ~~~ class ContextImpl extends Context { ...... private static final class ApplicationContentResolver extends ContentResolver { ...... @Override protected IContentProvider acquireProvider(Context context, String name) { return mMainThread.acquireProvider(context, name); } ...... private final ActivityThread mMainThread; } ...... } ~~~ 它调用ActivityThread类的acquireProvider函数进一步执行获取Content Provider接口的操作。 **Step 4. ActivityThread.acquireProvider** 这个函数定义在**frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java**文件中: ~~~ public final class ActivityThread { ...... public final IContentProvider acquireProvider(Context c, String name) { IContentProvider provider = getProvider(c, name); if(provider == null) return null; ...... return provider; } ...... } ~~~ 它又是调用了另外一个成员函数getProvider来进一步执行获取Content Provider接口的操作。 **Step 5. ActivityThread.getProvider** 这个函数定义在**frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java**文件中: ~~~ public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final IContentProvider getExistingProvider(Context context, String name) { synchronized(mProviderMap) { final ProviderClientRecord pr = mProviderMap.get(name); if (pr != null) { return pr.mProvider; } return null; } } ...... private final IContentProvider getProvider(Context context, String name) { IContentProvider existing = getExistingProvider(context, name); if (existing != null) { return existing; } IActivityManager.ContentProviderHolder holder = null; try { holder = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().getContentProvider( getApplicationThread(), name); } catch (RemoteException ex) { } IContentProvider prov = installProvider(context, holder.provider, holder.info, true); ...... return prov; } ...... } ~~~ 这个函数首先会通过getExistingProvider函数来检查本地是否已经存在这个要获取的ContentProvider接口,如果存在,就直接返回了。本地已经存在的ContextProvider接口保存在ActivityThread类的mProviderMap成员变量中,以ContentProvider对应的URI的authority为键值保存。在我们这个情景中,因为是第一次调用ArticlesProvider接口,因此,这时候通过getExistingProvider函数得到的IContentProvider接口为null,于是下面就会调用ActivityManagerService服务的getContentProvider接口来获取一个ContentProviderHolder对象holder,这个对象就包含了我们所要获取的ArticlesProvider接口,在将这个接口返回给调用者之后,还会调用installProvider函数来把这个接口保存在本地中,以便下次要使用这个ContentProvider接口时,直接就可以通过getExistingProvider函数获取了。 我们先进入到ActivityManagerService服务的getContentProvider函数中看看它是如何获取我们所需要的ArticlesProvider接口的,然后再返回来看看installProvider函数的实现。 **Step 6. ActivityManagerService.getContentProvider** 这个函数定义在**frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java**文件中: ~~~ public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... public final ContentProviderHolder getContentProvider( IApplicationThread caller, String name) { ...... return getContentProviderImpl(caller, name); } ...... } ~~~ 它调用getContentProviderImpl函数来进一步执行操作。 **Step 7. ActivityManagerService.getContentProviderImpl** 这个函数定义在**frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java**文件中: ~~~ public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... private final ContentProviderHolder getContentProviderImpl( IApplicationThread caller, String name) { ContentProviderRecord cpr; ProviderInfo cpi = null; synchronized(this) { ProcessRecord r = null; if (caller != null) { r = getRecordForAppLocked(caller); ...... } // First check if this content provider has been published... cpr = mProvidersByName.get(name); if (cpr != null) { ...... } else { try { cpi = AppGlobals.getPackageManager(). resolveContentProvider(name, STOCK_PM_FLAGS | PackageManager.GET_URI_PERMISSION_PATTERNS); } catch (RemoteException ex) { } ...... } cpr = mProvidersByClass.get(cpi.name); final boolean firstClass = cpr == null; if (firstClass) { try { ApplicationInfo ai = AppGlobals.getPackageManager(). getApplicationInfo( cpi.applicationInfo.packageName, STOCK_PM_FLAGS); ...... cpr = new ContentProviderRecord(cpi, ai); } catch (RemoteException ex) { // pm is in same process, this will never happen. } } if (r != null && cpr.canRunHere(r)) { // If this is a multiprocess provider, then just return its // info and allow the caller to instantiate it. Only do // this if the provider is the same user as the caller's // process, or can run as root (so can be in any process). return cpr; } ...... // This is single process, and our app is now connecting to it. // See if we are already in the process of launching this // provider. final int N = mLaunchingProviders.size(); int i; for (i=0; i= N) { final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); ProcessRecord proc = startProcessLocked(cpi.processName, cpr.appInfo, false, 0, "content provider", new ComponentName(cpi.applicationInfo.packageName, cpi.name), false); ...... mLaunchingProviders.add(cpr); ...... } // Make sure the provider is published (the same provider class // may be published under multiple names). if (firstClass) { mProvidersByClass.put(cpi.name, cpr); } cpr.launchingApp = proc; mProvidersByName.put(name, cpr); ...... } // Wait for the provider to be published... synchronized (cpr) { while (cpr.provider == null) { ...... try { cpr.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { } } } return cpr; } ...... } ~~~ 这个函数比较长,我们一步一步地分析。 函数首先是获取调用者的进程记录块信息: ~~~ ProcessRecord r = null; if (caller != null) { r = getRecordForAppLocked(caller); ...... } ~~~ 在我们这个情景中,要获取的就是应用程序Article的进程记录块信息了,后面会用到。 在ActivityManagerService中,有两个成员变量是用来保存系统中的Content Provider信息的,一个是mProvidersByName,一个是mProvidersByClass,前者是以Content Provider的authoriry值为键值来保存的,后者是以Content Provider的类名为键值来保存的。一个Content Provider可以有多个authority,而只有一个类来和它对应,因此,这里要用两个Map来保存,这里为了方便根据不同条件来快速查找而设计的。下面的代码就是用来检查要获取的Content Provider是否已经加存在的了: ~~~ // First check if this content provider has been published... cpr = mProvidersByName.get(name); if (cpr != null) { ...... } else { try { cpi = AppGlobals.getPackageManager(). resolveContentProvider(name, STOCK_PM_FLAGS | PackageManager.GET_URI_PERMISSION_PATTERNS); } catch (RemoteException ex) { } ...... } cpr = mProvidersByClass.get(cpi.name); final boolean firstClass = cpr == null; if (firstClass) { try { ApplicationInfo ai = AppGlobals.getPackageManager(). getApplicationInfo( cpi.applicationInfo.packageName, STOCK_PM_FLAGS); ...... cpr = new ContentProviderRecord(cpi, ai); } catch (RemoteException ex) { // pm is in same process, this will never happen. } } ~~~ 在我们这个情景中,由于是第一次调用ArticlesProvider接口,因此,在mProvidersByName和mProvidersByClass两个Map中都不存在ArticlesProvider的相关信息,因此,这里会通过AppGlobals.getPackageManager函数来获得PackageManagerService服务接口,然后分别通过它的resolveContentProvider和getApplicationInfo函数来分别获取ArticlesProvider应用程序的相关信息,分别保存在cpi和cpr这两个本地变量中。这些信息都是在安装应用程序的过程中保存下来的,具体可以参考Android应用程序安装过程源代码分析一文。 接下去这个代码判断当前要获取的Content Provider是否允许在客户进程中加载,即查看一个这个Content Provider否配置了multiprocess属性为true,如果允许在客户进程中加载,就直接返回了这个Content Provider的信息了: ~~~ if (r != null && cpr.canRunHere(r)) { // If this is a multiprocess provider, then just return its // info and allow the caller to instantiate it. Only do // this if the provider is the same user as the caller's // process, or can run as root (so can be in any process). return cpr; } ~~~ 在我们这个情景中,要获取的ArticlesProvider设置了要在独立的进程中运行,因此,继续往下执行: ~~~ // This is single process, and our app is now connecting to it. // See if we are already in the process of launching this // provider. final int N = mLaunchingProviders.size(); int i; for (i=0; i= N) { final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); ProcessRecord proc = startProcessLocked(cpi.processName, cpr.appInfo, false, 0, "content provider", new ComponentName(cpi.applicationInfo.packageName, cpi.name), false); ...... mLaunchingProviders.add(cpr); ...... } ~~~ 这里的条件i >= N为true,就表明没有其它应用程序正在加载这个Content Provider,因此,就要调用startProcessLocked函数来启动一个新的进程来加载这个Content Provider对应的类了,然后把这个正在加载的信息增加到mLaunchingProviders中去。我们先接着分析这个函数,然后再来看在新进程中加载Content Provider的过程,继续往下执行: ~~~ // Make sure the provider is published (the same provider class // may be published under multiple names). if (firstClass) { mProvidersByClass.put(cpi.name, cpr); } cpr.launchingApp = proc; mProvidersByName.put(name, cpr); ~~~ 这段代码把这个Content Provider的信息分别保存到mProvidersByName和mProviderByCalss两个Map中去,以方便后续查询。 因为我们需要获取的Content Provider是在新的进程中加载的,而getContentProviderImpl这个函数是在系统进程中执行的,它必须要等到要获取的Content Provider是在新的进程中加载完成后才能返回,这样就涉及到进程同步的问题了。这里使用的同步方法是不断地去检查变量cpr的provider域是否被设置了。当要获取的Content Provider在新的进程加载完成之后,它会通过Binder进程间通信机制调用到系统进程中,把这个cpr变量的provider域设置为已经加载好的Content Provider接口,这时候,函数getContentProviderImpl就可以返回了。下面的代码就是用来等待要获取的Content Provider是在新的进程中加载完成的: ~~~ // Wait for the provider to be published... synchronized (cpr) { while (cpr.provider == null) { ...... try { cpr.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { } } } ~~~ 下面我们再分析在新进程中加载ArticlesProvider这个Content Provider的过程。 **Step 8. ActivityManagerService.startProcessLocked Step 9. Process.start Step 10. ActivityThread.main Step 11. ActivityThread.attach Step 12. ActivityManagerService.attachApplication** 这五步是标准的Android应用程序启动步骤,具体可以参考Android应用程序启动过程源代码分析一文中的Step 23到Step 27,或者Android系统在新进程中启动自定义服务过程(startService)的原理分析一文中的Step 4到Step 9,这里就不再详细描述了。 **Step 13. ActivityManagerService.attachApplicationLocked** 这个函数定义在**frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java**文件中: ~~~ public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { ...... private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread, int pid) { // Find the application record that is being attached... either via // the pid if we are running in multiple processes, or just pull the // next app record if we are emulating process with anonymous threads. ProcessRecord app; if (pid != MY_PID && pid >= 0) { synchronized (mPidsSelfLocked) { app = mPidsSelfLocked.get(pid); } } else if (mStartingProcesses.size() > 0) { ...... } else { ...... } ...... app.thread = thread; app.curAdj = app.setAdj = -100; app.curSchedGroup = Process.THREAD_GROUP_DEFAULT; app.setSchedGroup = Process.THREAD_GROUP_BG_NONINTERACTIVE; app.forcingToForeground = null; app.foregroundServices = false; app.debugging = false; ...... boolean normalMode = mProcessesReady || isAllowedWhileBooting(app.info); List providers = normalMode ? generateApplicationProvidersLocked(app) : null; try { ...... thread.bindApplication(processName, app.instrumentationInfo != null ? app.instrumentationInfo : app.info, providers, app.instrumentationClass, app.instrumentationProfileFile, app.instrumentationArguments, app.instrumentationWatcher, testMode, isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode, mConfiguration, getCommonServicesLocked()); ...... } catch (Exception e) { ...... } ...... return true; } ...... private final List generateApplicationProvidersLocked(ProcessRecord app) { List providers = null; try { providers = AppGlobals.getPackageManager(). queryContentProviders(app.processName, app.info.uid, STOCK_PM_FLAGS | PackageManager.GET_URI_PERMISSION_PATTERNS); } catch (RemoteException ex) { } if (providers != null) { final int N = providers.size(); for (int i=0; i providers, ComponentName instrumentationName, String profileFile, Bundle instrumentationArgs, IInstrumentationWatcher instrumentationWatcher, int debugMode, boolean isRestrictedBackupMode, Configuration config, Map services) { if (services != null) { // Setup the service cache in the ServiceManager ServiceManager.initServiceCache(services); } AppBindData data = new AppBindData(); data.processName = processName; data.appInfo = appInfo; data.providers = providers; data.instrumentationName = instrumentationName; data.profileFile = profileFile; data.instrumentationArgs = instrumentationArgs; data.instrumentationWatcher = instrumentationWatcher; data.debugMode = debugMode; data.restrictedBackupMode = isRestrictedBackupMode; data.config = config; queueOrSendMessage(H.BIND_APPLICATION, data); } ...... } ...... } ~~~ 这个函数把相关的信息都封装成一个AppBindData对象,然后以一个消息的形式发送到主线程的消息队列中去等等待处理。这个消息最终是是在ActivityThread类的handleBindApplication函数中进行处理的。 **Step 15. ActivityThread.handleBindApplication** 这个函数定义在**frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java**文件中: ~~~ public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final void handleBindApplication(AppBindData data) { ...... List providers = data.providers; if (providers != null) { installContentProviders(app, providers); ...... } ...... } ...... } ~~~ 这个函数的内容比较多,我们忽略了其它无关的部分,只关注和Content Provider有关的逻辑,这里主要就是调用installContentProviders函数来在本地安装Content Providers信息。 **Step 16. ActivityThread.installContentProviders** 这个函数定义在**frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java**文件中: ~~~ public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final void installContentProviders( Context context, List providers) { final ArrayList results = new ArrayList(); Iterator i = providers.iterator(); while (i.hasNext()) { ProviderInfo cpi = i.next(); StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(128); buf.append("Pub "); buf.append(cpi.authority); buf.append(": "); buf.append(cpi.name); Log.i(TAG, buf.toString()); IContentProvider cp = installProvider(context, null, cpi, false); if (cp != null) { IActivityManager.ContentProviderHolder cph = new IActivityManager.ContentProviderHolder(cpi); cph.provider = cp; results.add(cph); // Don't ever unload this provider from the process. synchronized(mProviderMap) { mProviderRefCountMap.put(cp.asBinder(), new ProviderRefCount(10000)); } } } try { ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishContentProviders( getApplicationThread(), results); } catch (RemoteException ex) { } } ...... } ~~~ 这个函数主要是做了两件事情,一是调用installProvider来在本地安装每一个Content Proivder的信息,并且为每一个Content Provider创建一个ContentProviderHolder对象来保存相关的信息。ContentProviderHolder对象是一个Binder对象,是用来把Content Provider的信息传递给ActivityManagerService服务的。当这些Content Provider都处理好了以后,还要调用ActivityManagerService服务的publishContentProviders函数来通知ActivityManagerService服务,这个进程中所要加载的Content Provider,都已经准备完毕了,而ActivityManagerService服务的publishContentProviders函数的作用就是用来唤醒在前面Step 7等待的线程的了。我们先来看installProvider的实现,然后再来看ActivityManagerService服务的publishContentProviders函数的实现。 **Step 17. ActivityThread.installProvider** 这个函数定义在**frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java**文件中: ~~~ public final class ActivityThread { ...... private final IContentProvider installProvider(Context context, IContentProvider provider, ProviderInfo info, boolean noisy) { ContentProvider localProvider = null; if (provider == null) { ...... Context c = null; ApplicationInfo ai = info.applicationInfo; if (context.getPackageName().equals(ai.packageName)) { c = context; } else if (mInitialApplication != null && mInitialApplication.getPackageName().equals(ai.packageName)) { c = mInitialApplication; } else { try { c = context.createPackageContext(ai.packageName, Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE); } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) { } } ...... try { final java.lang.ClassLoader cl = c.getClassLoader(); localProvider = (ContentProvider)cl. loadClass(info.name).newInstance(); provider = localProvider.getIContentProvider(); ...... // XXX Need to create the correct context for this provider. localProvider.attachInfo(c, info); } catch (java.lang.Exception e) { ...... } } else if (localLOGV) { ...... } synchronized (mProviderMap) { // Cache the pointer for the remote provider. String names[] = PATTERN_SEMICOLON.split(info.authority); for (int i=0; i providers) { ...... synchronized(this) { final ProcessRecord r = getRecordForAppLocked(caller); ...... final int N = providers.size(); for (int i=0; i ';