管理ViewGroup中的触摸事件
最后更新于:2022-04-01 01:45:43
> 编写:[Andrwyw](https://github.com/Andrwyw) - 原文:[http://developer.android.com/training/gestures/viewgroup.html](http://developer.android.com/training/gestures/viewgroup.html)
因为很多时候event的目标是ViewGroup的孩子,并不是ViewGroup本身,所以处理[ViewGroup](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewGroup.html)中的触摸事件需要特别注意。为了确保每个view能正确地接受到它们想要的触摸事件,可以重载[onInterceptTouchEvent()](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewGroup.html#onInterceptTouchEvent(android.view.MotionEvent))函数。
### 在ViewGroup中截获触摸事件
每当在[ViewGroup](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewGroup.html)的表面上检测到一个触摸事件,包括它子view的表面,`onInterceptTouchEvent()`都会被调用。如果`onInterceptTouchEvent()`返回`true`,[MotionEvent](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent.html)就被截获了,这表示它不会被传递给孩子了,而是传递给该父view自身的[onTouchEvent()](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/View.html#onTouchEvent(android.view.MotionEvent))方法。
`onInterceptTouchEvent()`方法让父view能够在它的子view之前处理触摸事件。如果你让`onInterceptTouchEvent()`返回`true`,则之前处理触摸事件的子view会收到[ACTION_CANCEL](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent.html#ACTION_CANCEL)事件,并且该点之后的事件会被发送给该父view自身的`onTouchEvent()`函数,进行常规处理。`onInterceptTouchEvent()`也可以返回`false`,这样事件沿view层级分发到目标前,父view可以简单地观察该事件。这里的目标是指,通过`onTouchEvent()`处理消息事件的view。
接下来的代码段中,`MyViewGroup`继承自[ViewGroup](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewGroup.html)。`MyViewGroup`有多个子view。如果你水平地拖动手指经过某个子view,该子view不会接收到触摸事件,而是`MyViewGroup`处理这些触摸事件来滚动它的内容。然而,如果你点击子view中的button,或垂直地滚动子view,则父view不会截获这些触摸事件,因为子view本就是预定目标。在这些情况下,`onInterceptTouchEvent()`应该返回`false`,`MyViewGroup`的`onTouchEvent()`也不会被调用。
~~~
public class MyViewGroup extends ViewGroup {
private int mTouchSlop;
...
ViewConfiguration vc = ViewConfiguration.get(view.getContext());
mTouchSlop = vc.getScaledTouchSlop();
...
@Override
public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
/*
* This method JUST determines whether we want to intercept the motion.
* If we return true, onTouchEvent will be called and we do the actual
* scrolling there.
*/
final int action = MotionEventCompat.getActionMasked(ev);
// Always handle the case of the touch gesture being complete.
if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL || action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) {
// Release the scroll.
mIsScrolling = false;
return false; // Do not intercept touch event, let the child handle it
}
switch (action) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {
if (mIsScrolling) {
// We're currently scrolling, so yes, intercept the
// touch event!
return true;
}
// If the user has dragged her finger horizontally more than
// the touch slop, start the scroll
// left as an exercise for the reader
final int xDiff = calculateDistanceX(ev);
// Touch slop should be calculated using ViewConfiguration
// constants.
if (xDiff > mTouchSlop) {
// Start scrolling!
mIsScrolling = true;
return true;
}
break;
}
...
}
// In general, we don't want to intercept touch events. They should be
// handled by the child view.
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
// Here we actually handle the touch event (e.g. if the action is ACTION_MOVE,
// scroll this container).
// This method will only be called if the touch event was intercepted in
// onInterceptTouchEvent
...
}
}
~~~
注意[ViewGroup](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewGroup.html)也提供了[requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent()](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewGroup.html#requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(boolean))方法。当子view不想该父view和祖先view通过`onInterceptTouchEvent()`截获它的触摸事件时,可调用[ViewGroup](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewGroup.html)的该方法。
### 使用ViewConfiguration的常量
上面的代码段中使用了当前的[ViewConfiguration](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewConfiguration.html)来初始化`mTouchSlop`变量。你可以使用[ViewConfiguration](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewConfiguration.html)类来获取Android系统常用的一些距离、速度、时间值。
“Touch slop”是指在被识别为移动的手势前,用户触摸可移动的那一段像素距离。Touch slop通常用来预防用户在做一些其他触摸操作时,出现意外地滑动,例如触摸屏幕上的元素。
另外两个常用的[ViewConfiguration](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewConfiguration.html)函数是[getScaledMinimumFlingVelocity()](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewConfiguration.html#getScaledMinimumFlingVelocity())和[getScaledMaximumFlingVelocity()](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/ViewConfiguration.html#getScaledMaximumFlingVelocity())。这两个函数会返回初始化一个快速滑动(fling)的最小、最大速度(分别地),以像素每秒为测量单位。如:
~~~
ViewConfiguration vc = ViewConfiguration.get(view.getContext());
private int mSlop = vc.getScaledTouchSlop();
private int mMinFlingVelocity = vc.getScaledMinimumFlingVelocity();
private int mMaxFlingVelocity = vc.getScaledMaximumFlingVelocity();
...
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {
...
float deltaX = motionEvent.getRawX() - mDownX;
if (Math.abs(deltaX) > mSlop) {
// A swipe occurred, do something
}
...
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: {
...
} if (mMinFlingVelocity
~~~
### 扩展view的可触摸区域
Android提供了[TouchDelegate](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/TouchDelegate.html)类,让父view扩展子view的可触摸区域,扩展后的区域可超过子view本身的边界。这在子view很小,但需要一个更大的触摸区域时非常有用。如果需要,你也可以使用这种方式来实现对子view的触摸区域的收缩。
在下面的例子中,[ImageButton](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/ImageButton.html)对象是所谓的"delegate view"(是指触摸区域将被父view扩展的那个子view)。这是布局文件:
~~~
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/parent_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<ImageButton android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="@null"
android:src="@drawable/icon" />
</RelativeLayout>
~~~
下面的代码段做了这样几件事:
- 获得父view对象并发送一段[Runnable](http://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Runnable.html)到UI线程。这会确保父view在调用[getHitRect()](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/View.html#getHitRect(android.graphics.Rect))函数前会布局它的子view。`getHitRect()`函数会获得子view在父view坐标系中的点击矩形(触摸区域)。
- 找到[ImageButton](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/ImageButton.html)子view,然后调用`getHitRect()`来获得它的触摸区域的边界。
- 扩展[ImageButton](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/ImageButton.html)的点击矩形的边界。
- 实例化一个[TouchDelegate](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/TouchDelegate.html)对象,并把扩展过的点击矩形和[ImageButton](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/ImageButton.html)子view作为参数传递给它。
- 设置父view的[TouchDelegate](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/TouchDelegate.html),这样在touch delegate边界内的点击就会传递到该子view上。
在[ImageButton](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/ImageButton.html)子view的touch delegate范围内,父view会接收到所有的触摸事件。如果触摸事件发生在子view自身的点击矩形中,父view会把触摸事件交给子view处理。
~~~
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// Get the parent view
View parentView = findViewById(R.id.parent_layout);
parentView.post(new Runnable() {
// Post in the parent's message queue to make sure the parent
// lays out its children before you call getHitRect()
@Override
public void run() {
// The bounds for the delegate view (an ImageButton
// in this example)
Rect delegateArea = new Rect();
ImageButton myButton = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.button);
myButton.setEnabled(true);
myButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"Touch occurred within ImageButton touch region.",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
// The hit rectangle for the ImageButton
myButton.getHitRect(delegateArea);
// Extend the touch area of the ImageButton beyond its bounds
// on the right and bottom.
delegateArea.right += 100;
delegateArea.bottom += 100;
// Instantiate a TouchDelegate.
// "delegateArea" is the bounds in local coordinates of
// the containing view to be mapped to the delegate view.
// "myButton" is the child view that should receive motion
// events.
TouchDelegate touchDelegate = new TouchDelegate(delegateArea,
myButton);
// Sets the TouchDelegate on the parent view, such that touches
// within the touch delegate bounds are routed to the child.
if (View.class.isInstance(myButton.getParent())) {
((View) myButton.getParent()).setTouchDelegate(touchDelegate);
}
}
});
}
}
~~~