【菜鸟入门】stm32 之 USART
最后更新于:2022-04-01 14:50:40
这是学习stm32的第四天了,怎么说呢?感触最大的是,细心最重要,为什么呢?昨天,一个二进制到十六进制换算出来问题,导致一个问题纠结了一下午,今天,在初始化时钟的时候,把9写成10,导致,串口到下午才调试好。
好吧,现在开始说串口。
在我的板子上,USART1对应的PIN是
PA10 ---RX INPUT Mode:0x8
PA9---TX OUTPUT Mode:0xb
其实串口初始化也就分下面几步:
(1)PIN管脚时钟使能,特殊功能寄存器使能,即GPIOA和USART1时钟使能;
(2)USART管脚配置,PA10配置成输入模式:0x8;PA9配置成输出模式;【前面讲过怎么配置】
(3)USART Reset;记得关闭Reset;
(4)USART 波特率设置;
(5)USART寄存器配置;
(6)USART中断配置;
还是老规矩,先附上代码:
~~~
/* USART0
PA10 --- RX INPUT M:0x8
PA9 --- TX OUTPUT M:0xb
*/
#define CPU_RATE_72M 72
int rs232_init(u32 cpu_rate,u32 baud)
{
float div;
u16 div_int = 0;
u16 div_float = 0;
/* Get Div Baud */
div = (float)(cpu_rate*1000000)/(16*baud);
div_int = div;
div_float = 16*(div - div_int);
div_int <<= 4;
div_int += div_float;
RCC->APB2ENR |= 1<<2;
RCC->APB2ENR |= 1<<14;
GPIOA->CRH &= ~(0xff<<4); //clear CRH at bit 10:9
GPIOA->CRH |= 0x8b << 4; //set CRH at bit 10:9
RCC->APB2RSTR |= 1<<14; //Reset USART0
RCC->APB2RSTR &= ~(1<<14);//Stop Reset USART0
/* config USART */
USART1->BRR = div_int; // Set Baud Rate
USART1->CR1 &= ~(1<<12); // Set Data bit :8bit
USART1->CR1 &= ~(1<<10); // CRC
USART1->CR1 |= 1<<8; // Enable PE Interrupt
USART1->CR1 |= 1<<5; // Enable RX Interrupt
USART1->CR1 |= 3<<2; //Enable RX TX
USART1->CR2 &= ~(3<<12); // Stop Bit :00 => 1SB
USART1->CR1 |= 1<<13; // Enable USART
init_interrupt(2,37,3,3);
return 0;
}
~~~
APB2ENR寄存器如下,我们要使能IOPA和USART1的时钟所以,APB2ENR |= (1<<2) | (1<<14)
![](https://docs.gechiui.com/gc-content/uploads/sites/kancloud/2016-06-21_576915b2036f7.jpg)
APB2RSTR是外设复位寄存器:我们最好把USART1重新复位下,来确保系统的稳定性:
![](https://docs.gechiui.com/gc-content/uploads/sites/kancloud/2016-06-21_576915b303705.jpg)
但是,在复位完成之后,一定要对该控制位置零,停止复位;
APB2RSTR |= 1<<14;
APB2RSTR&=~(1<<14);
USART波特率的设置是整个配置中比较关键的,stm32厂商已经给了我们一个公式:
![](https://docs.gechiui.com/gc-content/uploads/sites/kancloud/2016-06-21_576915b31b2db.jpg)
USARTDIV计算出来,然后需要换算成USART_BRR寄存器需要的模式:我们呢可以先来研究下BRR寄存器:
![](https://docs.gechiui.com/gc-content/uploads/sites/kancloud/2016-06-21_576915b333a9c.jpg)
他是把整数部分存放在4-15bit,小数部分存放在0~3bit
至于小数和整数部分的换算方法,STM也给提供了一个例子:
![](https://docs.gechiui.com/gc-content/uploads/sites/kancloud/2016-06-21_576915b34e18a.jpg)
波特率计算完了,我们就需要对USART的控制寄存器进行设置,USART有三个控制器CR1,CR2,CR3
其中常用的只有CR1,CR2中只需配置一个参数。
关于这两个寄存器的详细信息请看25.6.4~26.6.7章,不过基本上看我的注释就可以看懂;
USART的中断配置,跟昨天那个按键中断配置一样,他的中断向量号是37
今天我重新把中断配置函数进行了整理,大家可以拿去用:
~~~
void init_interrupt(u8 group,u8 inter_id,u8 preempting,u8 subpriority)
{
u32 aircr;
u8 ip;
/* Set Group :2 */
aircr = SCB->AIRCR; //Get AIRCR register
aircr &= 0x0000f8ff; //Clear Password & PriGroup
aircr |= 0x05fa0000; //Set Password
aircr |= ((~group&0x7)<<8); //Set PriGroup Group:2 0000 0010 => 1111 1101 [5 = 0101b]<<8
SCB->AIRCR = aircr; //Set AIRCR
/*
* Group 2 2:2
* 0~3 : 0~3
* Set Preempting = 0 Subpriority = 0
* 1001 0000b = 0x00;
*/
if(inter_id<32)
NVIC->ISER[0] = 1<< inter_id;
else
NVIC->ISER[1] = 1<<(inter_id-32); //EXIT15_10 vector:37
switch(group)
{
case 0: ip = 0x0f&subpriority;break;
case 1: ip = (0x08&preempting) | (0x07&subpriority);break;
case 2: ip = (0x0C&preempting) | (0x03&subpriority);break;
case 3: ip = (0x0e&preempting) | (0x01&subpriority);break;
case 4: ip = 0x0f&preempting;break;
default: ip = 0x00;break;
}
NVIC->IP[inter_id] = 0xf0&(ip<<4);
}
~~~
他的发送和中断接收函数也都很简单,其中发送和接受标志位,在对数据进行写,或者读的时候他会自动清除
~~~
int rs232_send_byte(u8 byte)
{
USART1->DR = byte;
while(0 == (USART1->SR&(1<<6)));
return 1;
}
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
if(USART1->SR&(1<<5))
{
rs232_send_byte(USART1->DR);
}
}
~~~
有了串口,我们以后调试程序就更方便,我们可以直接把寄存器值读出来,然后对初始化的寄存器值进行研究。