Wildcard Matching
最后更新于:2022-04-01 22:58:14
**一. 题目描述**
Implement wildcard pattern matching with support for ‘?’ and ‘*’.
‘?’ Matches any single character. ‘*’ Matches any sequence of characters (including the empty sequence).
The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial).
The function prototype should be:
bool isMatch(const char *s, const char *p)
Some examples:
~~~
isMatch("aa","a") → false
isMatch("aa","aa") → true
isMatch("aaa","aa") → false
isMatch("aa", "*") → true
isMatch("aa", "a*") → true
isMatch("ab", "?*") → true
isMatch("aab", "c*a*b") → false
~~~
**二. 题目分析**
题目的大意是,给出两串字符串`s`和`p`,规定符号`?`能匹配任意单个字符,`*`能匹配任意字符序列(包括空字符序列)。如果两串字符串完全匹配则返回`true`。
该题的难点主要在于出现`*`时的匹配操作。和网上大多数做法相似,一开始使用递归完成,结果总是超时。后来使用几个变量用于记录遇到`p`中的`*`时的下标,每次遇到一个`*`,就保留住当前字符串`s`和`p`的下标,然后s从当前下标往后扫描,如果不匹配,则s的下标加一,重复扫描。
**三. 示例代码**
~~~
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Solution {
public:
bool isMatch(string s, string p) {
int s_size = s.size();
int p_size = p.size();
int s_index = 0, p_index = 0;
int temp_s_index = -1, temp_p_index = -1;
while (s_index < s_size)
{
if (p[p_index] == '?' || p[p_index] == s[s_index])
{
++p_index;
++s_index;
continue;
}
if (p[p_index] == '*')
{
temp_p_index = p_index;
temp_s_index = s_index;
++p_index;
continue;
}
if (temp_p_index >= 0)
{
// 字符串p可能有多个*,因此只要出现过*,则需要更新当前匹配的下标
p_index = temp_p_index + 1;
s_index = temp_s_index + 1;
// 当前坐标s与p不匹配,则s的坐标在原基础上加一,继续循环
++temp_s_index;
continue;
}
return false;
}
while (p[p_index] == '*') ++p_index;
return p_index == p_size;
}
};
~~~
**四. 小结**
这种题目一般递归的思路还是首选,但递归的最大缺点就是耗时。该题若使用动态规划也可以解决,但是未必能达到以上方法的
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