Space Replacement
最后更新于:2022-04-02 01:07:54
# Space Replacement
### Source
- lintcode: [(212) Space Replacement](http://www.lintcode.com/en/problem/space-replacement/)
~~~
Write a method to replace all spaces in a string with %20.
The string is given in a characters array, you can assume it has enough space
for replacement and you are given the true length of the string.
Example
Given "Mr John Smith", length = 13.
The string after replacement should be "Mr%20John%20Smith".
Note
If you are using Java or Python,please use characters array instead of string.
Challenge
Do it in-place.
~~~
### 题解
根据题意,给定的输入数组长度足够长,将空格替换为`%20` 后也不会溢出。通常的思维为从前向后遍历,遇到空格即将`%20` 插入到新数组中,这种方法在生成新数组时很直观,但要求原地替换时就不方便了,这时可联想到插入排序的做法——从后往前遍历,空格处标记下就好了。由于不知道新数组的长度,故首先需要遍历一次原数组,字符串类题中常用方法。
需要注意的是这个题并未说明多个空格如何处理,如果多个连续空格也当做一个空格时稍有不同。
### Java
~~~
public class Solution {
/**
* @param string: An array of Char
* @param length: The true length of the string
* @return: The true length of new string
*/
public int replaceBlank(char[] string, int length) {
if (string == null) return 0;
int space = 0;
for (char c : string) {
if (c == ' ') space++;
}
int r = length + 2 * space - 1;
for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (string[i] != ' ') {
string[r] = string[i];
r--;
} else {
string[r--] = '0';
string[r--] = '2';
string[r--] = '%';
}
}
return length + 2 * space;
}
}
~~~
### 源码分析
先遍历一遍求得空格数,得到『新数组』的实际长度,从后往前遍历。
### 复杂度分析
遍历两次原数组,时间复杂度近似为 O(n)O(n)O(n), 使用了`r` 作为标记,空间复杂度 O(1)O(1)O(1).
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